Sadigh Siv, Reimers Anne, Andersson Ragnar, Laflamme Lucie
Karolinska Institutet, Department of Public Health Sciences, Division of Social Medicine, Norrbacka, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.
J Community Health. 2004 Apr;29(2):129-40. doi: 10.1023/b:johe.0000016717.22032.03.
Injurious falls among the elderly are an increasing public-health problem in Sweden. One group particularly vulnerable to falls consists of elderly people living in residential-care facilities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which falls lead to injury within a defined population of elderly people in institutionalized care. All the elderly persons living in residential-care facilities in an urban Swedish municipality during the year 1997 (n = 469 institutional places). Falls and fall-related injuries were registered over a one-year period. Data were gathered by personnel at the time of the falls, using a form specifically designed for surveillance purposes. Of the 865 falls reported during the study period, 375 were among men, with an average age of 82 years, and 490 among women, with an average age of 85 years. Men were subject to falling to a greater extent than women. The most common location was the individual's own bedroom. Injuries were incurred in approximately one in four falls, and the head was the body part most frequently injured. Only 24 falls (2.8%) resulted in a fracture, of which 18 were hip fractures. Although elderly people living in residential-care facilities fall fairly often, serious injuries, in the form of fractures, are incurred to a relatively limited extent.
在瑞典，老年人因跌倒而受伤成为一个日益严重的公共卫生问题。一类特别容易跌倒的人群是居住在养老机构的老年人。本研究的目的是调查在特定的机构化照护老年人群体中，跌倒导致受伤的程度。1997年，瑞典一个城市辖区内所有居住在养老机构的老年人（共469个机构床位）。在一年时间里记录跌倒及与跌倒相关的损伤情况。跌倒发生时，由工作人员使用专门设计用于监测目的的表格收集数据。在研究期间报告的865次跌倒中，男性375次，平均年龄82岁；女性490次，平均年龄85岁。男性跌倒的发生率高于女性。最常见的地点是个人自己的卧室。约四分之一的跌倒会导致受伤，头部是最常受伤的身体部位。只有24次跌倒（2.8%）导致骨折，其中18例为髋部骨折。虽然居住在养老机构的老年人跌倒相当频繁，但以骨折形式出现的严重损伤相对较少。
