Thomsen Marc N, Lang Robert D
Orthopedic Surgery Hospital, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
Arthroscopy. 2004 Apr;20(4):419-23. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2004.01.003.
This study compares the effect of new electronic display systems using endoscopic instruments on intrathoracal maneuvering and targeting under standardized conditions. A 2-dimensional (2-D) vision system is compared with 2 stereoscopic 3-dimensional (3-D) video technologies, called "shutter glasses," and the head-mounted display (HMD) system.
Fifteen participants with minor experience (<50 operations = beginners) and 15 participants with endoscopic experience (advanced) had to hit 12 electronically conducted wires in a thoracic spine model using 3 different systems (2-D video, 3-D shutter glasses, and 3-D HMD). The sequence was randomly alternated for each participant and repeated 3 times to eliminate the influence of training and concentration.
The execution time with the 2-D system (mean time, 95.5 seconds) was shorter than with the HMD (mean time, 107 seconds; P =.001) or the Shutter system (mean time, 101 seconds; P =.002). No significant difference was seen between the 3-D systems (P =.153). The overall look of the missed targets showed statistically no difference between the 3 systems (P =.191). None of the 3 systems showed a statistically significant correlation between execution time and number of missed targets. Regarding the total number of missed targets for advanced and beginner groups, the head-mounted display system in the advanced group showed higher but not statistically significantly higher accuracy.
Although the 3-D systems tested for endoscopic surgery did not accelerate the execution speed, the HMD system seems to increase the accuracy for endoscopically experienced surgeons.
本研究比较了在标准化条件下，使用内镜器械的新型电子显示系统对胸腔内操作和目标定位的影响。将二维（2-D）视觉系统与两种立体三维（3-D）视频技术（称为“快门眼镜”）和头戴式显示器（HMD）系统进行比较。
15名经验较少（<50次手术=初学者）的参与者和15名有内镜经验（高级）的参与者，必须使用3种不同系统（2-D视频、3-D快门眼镜和3-D HMD）在胸椎模型中击中12根电子控制的电线。每个参与者的顺序随机交替，并重复3次以消除训练和注意力的影响。
2-D系统的执行时间（平均时间95.5秒）比HMD（平均时间107秒；P=0.001）或快门系统（平均时间101秒；P=0.002）短。3-D系统之间未见显著差异（P=0.153）。未命中目标的总体外观在3种系统之间无统计学差异（P=0.191）。3种系统中，执行时间与未命中目标数量之间均无统计学显著相关性。对于高级组和初学者组的未命中目标总数，高级组中的头戴式显示器系统显示出更高的准确性，但无统计学显著差异。
虽然测试的用于内镜手术的3-D系统未加快执行速度，但HMD系统似乎提高了有内镜经验的外科医生的准确性。
