Yusoff Noor Aini, Hampton Shelagh M, Dickerson J W, Morgan Jane B
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
J R Soc Promot Health. 2004 Mar;124(2):74-80. doi: 10.1177/146642400412400211.
Current understanding of the use of exclusion diets in the management of asthma in children is limited and controversial. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of excluding eggs and milk on the occurrence of symptoms in children with asthma and involved 22 children aged between three and 14 years clinically diagnosed as having mild to moderate disease. The investigation was single blind and prospective, and parents were given the option of volunteering to join the 'experiment' group, avoiding eggs, milk and their products for eight weeks, or the 'control' group, who consumed their customary food. Thirteen children were recruited to the experimental group and nine to the control group. A trained paediatrician at the beginning and end of the study period assessed the children. A seven-day assessment of food intake was made before, during and immediately after the period of dietary intervention in both groups. A blood sample was taken from each child for determination of food specific antibodies and in those children who could do so, the peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) was measured. Based on the recommended nutrient intake (RNI), the mean percentage energy intake of the children in the experimental group was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the experimental group. After the eight-week study period and compared with baseline values, the mean serum anti-ovalbumin IgG and anti-beta lactoglobulin IgG concentrations were statistically significantly reduced (p < 0.05) for both in the experimental group. In contrast, the values for anti-ovalbumin IgG in the control group were significantly increased and those for anti-beta lactoglobulin IgG were practically unchanged. The total IgE values were unchanged in both groups. Over the study period, the PEFR in those children in the experimental group able to perform the test was significantly increased, but no such change was noted in the children in the control group who could do the test. These results suggest that even over the short time period of eight weeks, an egg- and milk-free diet can reduce atopic symptoms and improve lung function in asthmatic children.
目前对于儿童哮喘管理中使用排除饮食的认识有限且存在争议。本研究的目的是探讨排除鸡蛋和牛奶对哮喘儿童症状发生的影响，研究涉及22名年龄在3至14岁之间、临床诊断为轻度至中度疾病的儿童。该调查为单盲前瞻性研究，父母可选择自愿加入“实验组”，即八周内避免食用鸡蛋、牛奶及其制品，或加入“对照组”，即食用其日常食物。13名儿童被招募到实验组，9名儿童被招募到对照组。在研究开始和结束时，由一名经过培训的儿科医生对儿童进行评估。在两组饮食干预期间及干预前后，分别进行了为期七天的食物摄入量评估。从每个儿童采集血样以测定食物特异性抗体，对于能够进行此项检测的儿童，测量其呼气峰值流速（PEFR）。根据推荐营养素摄入量（RNI），实验组儿童的平均能量摄入量百分比显著较低（p < 0.05）。经过八周的研究期，并与基线值相比，实验组中抗卵清蛋白IgG和抗β-乳球蛋白IgG的平均血清浓度在统计学上显著降低（p < 0.05）。相比之下，对照组中抗卵清蛋白IgG的值显著升高，抗β-乳球蛋白IgG的值几乎没有变化。两组的总IgE值均未改变。在研究期间，实验组中能够进行检测的儿童的PEFR显著增加，但对照组中能够进行检测的儿童未观察到此类变化。这些结果表明，即使在短短八周的时间内，无鸡蛋和牛奶饮食也可以减轻哮喘儿童的特应性症状并改善肺功能。
