Mirza Ilyas, Jenkins Rachel
Royal London Hospital (St Clement's), London E3 4LL.
BMJ. 2004 Apr 3;328(7443):794. doi: 10.1136/bmj.328.7443.794.
To assess the available evidence on the prevalence, aetiology, treatment, and prevention of anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan.
Systematic review of published literature.
20 studies, of which 17 gave prevalence estimates and 11 discussed risk factors.
Prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders, risk factors, effects of treatment.
Factors positively associated with anxiety and depressive disorders were female sex, middle age, low level of education, financial difficulty, being a housewife, and relationship problems. Arguments with husbands and relational problems with in-laws were positively associated in 3/11 studies. Those who had close confiding relationships were less likely to have anxiety and depressive disorders. Mean overall prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the community population was 34% (range 29-66% for women and 10-33% for men). There were no rigorously controlled trials of treatments for these disorders.
Available evidence suggests a major social cause for anxiety and depressive disorders in Pakistan. This evidence is limited because of methodological problems, so caution must be exercised in generalising this to the whole of the population of Pakistan.
评估关于巴基斯坦焦虑症和抑郁症的患病率、病因、治疗及预防的现有证据。
对已发表文献进行系统综述。
20项研究，其中17项给出了患病率估计值，11项讨论了风险因素。
焦虑症和抑郁症的患病率、风险因素、治疗效果。
与焦虑症和抑郁症呈正相关的因素包括女性、中年、低教育水平、经济困难、家庭主妇身份及人际关系问题。在11项研究中有3项表明与丈夫争吵及与姻亲的关系问题呈正相关。有亲密倾诉关系的人患焦虑症和抑郁症的可能性较小。社区人群中焦虑症和抑郁症的总体平均患病率为34%（女性为29% - 66%，男性为10% - 33%）。对于这些疾病的治疗，尚无严格对照试验。
现有证据表明巴基斯坦焦虑症和抑郁症存在一个主要的社会成因。由于方法学问题，该证据有限，因此在将其推广至整个巴基斯坦人口时必须谨慎。
