Habarugira Gervais, Suen Willy W, Hobson-Peters Jody, Hall Roy A, Bielefeldt-Ohmann Helle
School of Veterinary Science, University of Queensland Gatton Campus, Queensland, QLD 4343, Australia.
Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness, The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Geelong, VIC 3219, Australia.
Pathogens. 2020 Jul 19;9(7):589. doi: 10.3390/pathogens9070589.
West Nile virus (WNV) is an important zoonotic flavivirus responsible for mild fever to severe, lethal neuroinvasive disease in humans, horses, birds, and other wildlife species. Since its discovery, WNV has caused multiple human and animal disease outbreaks in all continents, except Antarctica. Infections are associated with economic losses, mainly due to the cost of treatment of infected patients, control programmes, and loss of animals and animal products. The pathogenesis of WNV has been extensively investigated in natural hosts as well as in several animal models, including rodents, lagomorphs, birds, and reptiles. However, most of the proposed pathogenesis hypotheses remain contentious, and much remains to be elucidated. At the same time, the unavailability of specific antiviral treatment or effective and safe vaccines contribute to the perpetuation of the disease and regular occurrence of outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic areas. Moreover, globalisation and climate change are also important drivers of the emergence and re-emergence of the virus and disease. Here, we give an update of the pathobiology, epidemiology, diagnostics, control, and "One Health" implications of WNV infection and disease.
西尼罗河病毒（WNV）是一种重要的人畜共患黄病毒，可导致人类、马匹、鸟类和其他野生动物出现从轻度发热到严重致命的神经侵袭性疾病。自发现以来，西尼罗河病毒已在除南极洲以外的各大洲引发了多起人类和动物疾病疫情。感染会带来经济损失，主要是由于治疗感染患者的费用、防控计划以及动物和动物产品的损失。西尼罗河病毒的发病机制已在自然宿主以及包括啮齿动物、兔形目动物、鸟类和爬行动物在内的多种动物模型中得到广泛研究。然而，大多数提出的发病机制假说仍存在争议，仍有许多有待阐明。与此同时，缺乏特异性抗病毒治疗方法或有效且安全的疫苗导致该疾病持续存在，并在流行地区和非流行地区经常爆发疫情。此外，全球化和气候变化也是该病毒和疾病出现及再次出现的重要驱动因素。在此，我们对西尼罗河病毒感染和疾病的病理生物学、流行病学、诊断方法、防控措施以及“同一健康”影响进行了更新。
