Russell A D
Welsh School of Pharmacy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XF, UK.
J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 May;53(5):693-5. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkh171. Epub 2004 Apr 8.
Triclosan has activity against many, but not all, types of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It is bacteriostatic at low concentrations, but higher concentrations are bactericidal. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly resistant, whereas methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains are inhibited over a range of approximately 0.1-2 mg/L. Triclosan shows significant activity against some mycobacteria, but is not sporicidal. Its growth-inhibitory properties result from an inhibition of enoyl reductase, FabI. Membrane-destabilizing effects are likely to be responsible for bacterial inactivation by higher concentrations. Resistance can arise from mutations in, and/or overproduction of, FabI, impermeability or efflux. Whilst triclosan resistance in laboratory experiments may be associated with changes in antibiotic susceptibility, comprehensive environmental surveys have not demonstrated any association between triclosan usage and antibiotic resistance. Triclosan has several important uses, and the future aim must be to retain these applications whilst eliminating the more frivolous and unnecessary ones.
三氯生对多种革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌有活性，但并非对所有类型的细菌都有活性。在低浓度时它具有抑菌作用，但高浓度时具有杀菌作用。铜绿假单胞菌具有高度耐药性，而耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌菌株在约0.1 - 2毫克/升的浓度范围内受到抑制。三氯生对一些分枝杆菌有显著活性，但无杀孢子作用。其生长抑制特性源于对烯酰还原酶FabI的抑制。高浓度时细菌失活可能是由于膜去稳定作用。耐药性可能源于FabI的突变和/或过量产生、通透性降低或外排。虽然实验室实验中的三氯生耐药性可能与抗生素敏感性变化有关，但全面的环境调查并未证明三氯生使用与抗生素耐药性之间存在任何关联。三氯生有几个重要用途，未来的目标必须是在保留这些应用的同时消除那些更 frivolous（此处可能有误，推测为“琐碎的”）和不必要的应用。
