van den Boom Cindy E M, van Beek Teris A, Posthumus Maarten A, de Groot Aede, Dicke Marcel
Phytochemical Section, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.
J Chem Ecol. 2004 Jan;30(1):69-89. doi: 10.1023/b:joec.0000013183.72915.99.
Many plant species are known to emit herbivore-induced volatiles in response to herbivory. The spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is a generalist that can feed on several hundreds of host plant species. Volatiles emitted by T. urticae-infested plants of 11 species were compared: soybean (Glycine max), golden chain (Laburnum anagyroides), black locust (Robinia pseudo-acacia), cowpea (Vigna unguiculata), tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), eggplant (Solanum melalonga), thorn apple (Datura stramonium), sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum), hop (Humulus lupulus), grapevine (Vitis vinifera), and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba). The degree to which the plant species produced novel compounds was analyzed when compared to the odors of mechanically damaged leaves. Almost all of the investigated plant species produced novel compounds that dominated the volatile blend, such as methyl salicylate, terpenes, oximes, and nitriles. Only spider mite-infested eggplant and tobacco emitted a blend that was merely quantitatively different from the blend emitted by mechanically damaged or clean leaves. We hypothesized that plant species with a low degree of direct defense would produce more novel compounds. However, although plant species with a low direct defense level do use indirect defense to defend themselves, they do not always emit novel compounds. Plant species with a high level of direct defense seem to invest in the production of novel compounds. When plant species of the Fabaceae were compared to plant species of the Solanaceae, qualitative differences in spider mite-induced volatile blends seemed to be more prominent in the Fabaceae than in the Solanaceae.
许多植物物种已知会在遭受食草动物侵害时释放食草动物诱导的挥发物。二斑叶螨（Tetranychus urticae Koch）是一种多食性害虫，可以取食数百种寄主植物。对11种受二斑叶螨侵害的植物释放的挥发物进行了比较：大豆（Glycine max）、金链花（Laburnum anagyroides）、刺槐（Robinia pseudo-acacia）、豇豆（Vigna unguiculata）、烟草（Nicotiana tabacum）、茄子（Solanum melalonga）、曼陀罗（Datura stramonium）、甜椒（Capsicum annuum）、啤酒花（Humulus lupulus）、葡萄（Vitis vinifera）和银杏（Ginkgo biloba）。将这些植物物种产生的挥发物与机械损伤叶片的气味进行比较，分析其产生新化合物的程度。几乎所有被研究的植物物种都产生了主导挥发物混合物的新化合物，如水杨酸甲酯、萜类、肟类和腈类。只有受二斑叶螨侵害的茄子和烟草释放的混合物与机械损伤或干净叶片释放的混合物仅在数量上有所不同。我们假设直接防御程度较低的植物物种会产生更多新化合物。然而，尽管直接防御水平较低的植物物种确实会利用间接防御来保护自己，但它们并不总是释放新化合物。直接防御水平较高的植物物种似乎在新化合物的产生上投入更多。当将豆科植物物种与茄科植物物种进行比较时，二斑叶螨诱导的挥发物混合物的定性差异在豆科植物中似乎比在茄科植物中更为突出。
