Chambliss Heather O, Finley Carrie E, Blair Steven N
Centers for Integrated Health Research, The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX 75230, USA.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004 Mar;36(3):468-74. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000117115.94062.e4.
The purpose of this research was to evaluate attitudes toward obese individuals and to identify personal characteristics associated with antifat bias among students majoring in exercise science.
Undergraduate (N = 136) and graduate (N = 110) students (mean age 23.2 yr, 55% male, 77% Caucasian) completed a series of questionnaires to assess attitudes toward obese individuals. Instruments included the Implicit Association Test (IAT), a timed self-report assessment that measures automatic attitudes and stereotypes toward obese persons through word categorizations (good vs bad; motivated vs lazy), and the Antifat Attitudes Test (AFAT), a self-report instrument that measures negative beliefs and attitudes toward obese individuals. Participants also completed a general demographic questionnaire.
A strong bias was found for implicit measures including good versus bad attitude (P < 0.0001) and motivated versus lazy stereotype (P < 0.0001). Characteristics associated with greater bad bias included being female, Caucasian, and growing up in a less populated area (P < 0.05). Belief in greater personal responsibility for obesity was associated with stronger lazy bias (P < 0.01). On the AFAT self-report measure, belief in less personal responsibility for obesity, positive family history of obesity, and having an obese friend were associated with lower antifat scores (P < 0.05).
These results suggest that students in the field of exercise science possess negative associations and bias toward obese individuals. These findings have important implications for health promotion, as antifat bias and weight discrimination among exercise professionals may further contribute to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and reduced quality of life for many obese individuals who are at high risk for chronic disease.
本研究旨在评估对肥胖个体的态度，并确定运动科学专业学生中与反胖偏见相关的个人特征。
本科生（N = 136）和研究生（N = 110）（平均年龄23.2岁，55%为男性，77%为白种人）完成了一系列问卷调查，以评估对肥胖个体的态度。测量工具包括内隐联想测验（IAT），这是一种限时自我报告评估，通过词语分类（好与坏；有动力与懒惰）来测量对肥胖者的自动态度和刻板印象，以及反胖态度测试（AFAT），这是一种自我报告工具，用于测量对肥胖个体的负面信念和态度。参与者还完成了一份一般人口统计学问卷。
在内隐测量中发现了强烈的偏见，包括好与坏态度（P < 0.0001）和有动力与懒惰刻板印象（P < 0.0001）。与更大负面偏见相关的特征包括女性、白种人以及在人口较少的地区长大（P < 0.05）。认为对肥胖负有更大个人责任与更强的懒惰偏见相关（P < 0.01）。在AFAT自我报告测量中，认为对肥胖负有较少个人责任、有肥胖家族史以及有肥胖朋友与较低的反胖分数相关（P < 0.05）。
这些结果表明，运动科学领域的学生对肥胖个体存在负面关联和偏见。这些发现对健康促进具有重要意义，因为运动专业人员中的反胖偏见和体重歧视可能会进一步导致许多肥胖个体形成不健康的生活方式行为，并降低其生活质量，而这些肥胖个体患慢性病的风险很高。
