Norris R T, Richards R B, Creeper J H, Jubb T F, Madin B, Kerr J W
Department of Agriculture, Locked Bag No. 4, Bentley Delivery Centre, Western Australia 6923.
Aust Vet J. 2003 Mar;81(3):156-61. doi: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb11079.x.
To establish the death rate and the causes of death in cattle exported by sea from Australia.
Cattle deaths on voyages from Australia to all destinations between 1995 and 2000 were analysed retrospectively. On four voyages to the Middle East between December 1998 and April 2001, cattle that died were examined to determine the cause of death.
The death rate was 0.24% among 4 million cattle exported, and a greater proportion of deaths occurred on voyages to the Middle East (0.52%, P < 0.05) than to south east Asia (0.13%). The risk of death on voyages to the Middle East was three times greater for cattle exported from southern ports in Australia compared to northern ports. The main causes of death were heat stroke, trauma and respiratory disease.
Cattle have a low risk of death during sea transport from Australia. The risk of death can be reduced on voyages to the Middle East by preferentially exporting cattle from northern ports, and selecting those with a higher Bos indicus content whenever possible.
确定从澳大利亚经海路出口的牛的死亡率及死亡原因。
对1995年至2000年间从澳大利亚运往所有目的地的牛在航行途中的死亡情况进行回顾性分析。在1998年12月至2001年4月间前往中东的四次航行中，对死亡的牛进行检查以确定死因。
在出口的400万头牛中，死亡率为0.24%，前往中东航行中的死亡比例（0.52%，P<0.05）高于前往东南亚的航行（0.13%）。与从澳大利亚北部港口出口的牛相比，从澳大利亚南部港口出口的牛在前往中东航行中的死亡风险高三倍。主要死亡原因是中暑、外伤和呼吸道疾病。
牛在从澳大利亚进行海上运输期间死亡风险较低。通过优先从北部港口出口牛，并尽可能选择印度瘤牛含量较高的牛，可降低前往中东航行中的死亡风险。
