Hale Lisa R, Goldstein Diane S, Abramowitz Carolyn S, Calamari John E, Kosson David S
Department of Psychology, Finch University of Health Sciences/The Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA.
Behav Res Ther. 2004 Jun;42(6):697-710. doi: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00192-X.
Although the hypothesis that psychopathic individuals are characterized by a reduced capacity for experiencing anxiety is central to many theories of psychopathy, most prior studies have examined anxiety and fear measures generally considered outdated in the literature. Moreover, prior findings are mixed, with several studies reporting no relationships between psychopathy and anxiety, and others suggesting negative relationships for the affective, interpersonal aspects of the disorder and positive relationships for the antisocial behavior dimension. To examine whether psychopathy dimensions are associated with contemporary measures of anxiety, the Anxiety Sensitivity Index and State Trait Anxiety Inventory-Trait scale were administered to 157 male inmates. Participants also completed the MMPI-derived Welsh Anxiety Scale (WAS), commonly used in psychopathy studies. Analyses provide no evidence for a negative relationship between psychopathy's affective, interpersonal factor and anxiety sensitivity after controlling for trait anxiety. Trait anxiety and WAS scores were positively associated with the antisocial behavior dimension of psychopathy. Findings do replicate prior relationships between the WAS and psychopathy, suggesting the WAS may measure aspects of negative affectivity that differ from anxiety.
尽管许多关于心理变态的理论都认为，心理变态个体的特征是体验焦虑的能力降低，但大多数先前的研究都考察了焦虑和恐惧测量指标，而这些指标在文献中普遍被认为过时了。此外，先前的研究结果不一，一些研究报告心理变态与焦虑之间没有关系，而另一些研究则表明，该障碍的情感、人际方面呈负相关，反社会行为维度呈正相关。为了检验心理变态维度是否与当代焦虑测量指标相关，我们对157名男性囚犯施测了焦虑敏感性指数和状态-特质焦虑量表-特质分量表。参与者还完成了心理变态研究中常用的明尼苏达多相人格量表衍生出的威尔士焦虑量表（WAS）。在控制特质焦虑后，分析没有提供证据表明心理变态的情感、人际因素与焦虑敏感性之间存在负相关。特质焦虑和WAS得分与心理变态的反社会行为维度呈正相关。研究结果确实重复了先前WAS与心理变态之间的关系，表明WAS可能测量的是与焦虑不同的消极情感方面。
