Wainwright Mark, Wright Margaret J, Geffen Gina M, Geffen Laurie B, Luciano Michelle, Martin Nicholas G
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
Behav Genet. 2004 Jul;34(4):365-76. doi: 10.1023/B:BEGE.0000023642.34853.cb.
In this study, we examined genetic and environmental influences on covariation among two reading tests used in neuropsychological assessment (Cambridge Contextual Reading Test [CCRT], [Beardsall, L., and Huppert, F. A. (1994). J. Clin. Exp. Neuropsychol. 16:232-242], Schonell Graded Word Reading Test [SGWRT], [Schonell, F. J., and Schonell, P. E. (1960). Diagnostic and attainment testing. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.]) and among a selection of IQ subtests from the Multidimensional Aptitude Battery (MAB), [Jackson, D. N. (1984). Multidimensional aptitude battery, Ontario: Research Psychologists Press.] and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) [Wechsler, D. (1981). Manual for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R). San Antonio: The Psychological Corporation]. Participants were 225 monozygotic and 275 dizygotic twin pairs aged from 15 years to 18 years (mean, 16 years). For Verbal IQ subtests, phenotypic correlations with the reading tests ranged from 0.44 to 0.65. For Performance IQ subtests, phenotypic correlations with the reading tests ranged from 0.23 to 0.34. Results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) supported a model with one genetic General factor and three genetic group factors (Verbal, Performance, Reading). Reading performance was influenced by the genetic General factor (accounting for 13% and 20% of the variance for the CCRT and SGWRT, respectively), the genetic Verbal factor (explaining 17% and 19% of variance for the CCRT and SGWRT), and the genetic Reading factor (explaining 21% of the variance for both the CCRT and SGWRT). A common environment factor accounted for 25% and 14% of the CCRT and SGWRT variance, respectively. Genetic influences accounted for more than half of the phenotypic covariance between the reading tests and each of the IQ subtests. The heritabilities of the CCRT and SGWRT were 0.54 and 0.65, respectively. Observable covariance between reading assessments used by neuropsychologists to estimate IQ and IQ subtests appears to be largely due to genetic effects.
在本研究中，我们考察了遗传和环境因素对神经心理学评估中使用的两项阅读测试（剑桥情境阅读测试[CCRT]，[比尔兹尔，L.，和赫珀特，F. A.（1994年）。《临床与实验神经心理学杂志》16:232 - 242]，肖内尔分级单词阅读测试[SGWRT]，[肖内尔，F. J.，和肖内尔，P. E.（1960年）。诊断与成就测试。爱丁堡：奥利弗与博伊德出版社。]）之间以及多维能力测验（MAB）[杰克逊，D. N.（1984年）。多维能力测验，安大略省：研究心理学家出版社。]和韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS - R）[韦克斯勒，D.（1981年）。韦氏成人智力量表修订版（WAIS - R）手册。圣安东尼奥：心理公司。]中一组智商子测验之间协变的影响。参与者为225对同卵双胞胎和275对异卵双胞胎，年龄在15岁至18岁之间（平均16岁）。对于言语智商子测验，与阅读测试的表型相关系数在0.44至0.65之间。对于操作智商子测验，与阅读测试的表型相关系数在0.23至0.34之间。结构方程模型（SEM）的结果支持一个具有一个遗传一般因素和三个遗传组因素（言语、操作、阅读）的模型。阅读表现受遗传一般因素影响（分别占CCRT和SGWRT方差的13%和20%）、遗传言语因素影响（分别解释CCRT和SGWRT方差的17%和19%）以及遗传阅读因素影响（解释CCRT和SGWRT两者方差的21%）。一个共同环境因素分别占CCRT和SGWRT方差的25%和14%。遗传影响占阅读测试与每个智商子测验之间表型协方差一半以上。CCRT和SGWRT的遗传率分别为0.54和0.65。神经心理学家用于估计智商的阅读评估与智商子测验之间可观察到的协变似乎很大程度上归因于遗传效应。
