Samarakoon Jayampathy
ARCADIS Euroconsult, The Netherlands.
Ambio. 2004 Feb;33(1-2):34-44.
This article is based on the findings of the Global International Waters Assessment (GIWA) Subregion 53, Bay of Bengal. It introduces the Subregion. The wide disparity in development indicators in the Bay of Bengal Subregion (BOBSR) is presented. The large population of poor people living in South Asia is presented as a factor that needs special attention. The article focuses on the 3 geographic sites selected for detailed analysis: i) the Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river systems; ii) the Merbok Estuary mangroves, Malaysia; and iii) the Sunderbans mangroves, Bangladesh. Integrated water management based upon regional cooperation among Bangladesh, India and Nepal holds opportunities for mutual benefit. Policy options are proposed. For mangrove ecosystems, the impacts of urbanization in Malaysia and the unmanaged expansion of shrimp farming in Bangladesh are analyzed. Improved governance was seen to hold promise for enhancing economic benefits from shrimp farming while safeguarding the natural ecological system. However, these measures need to be a part of national efforts to achieve the UN Millennium Development Goals.
本文基于全球国际水域评估（GIWA）第53分区——孟加拉湾的研究结果。它介绍了该分区。文中呈现了孟加拉湾次区域（BOBSR）发展指标的巨大差异。南亚大量贫困人口被视为一个需要特别关注的因素。本文重点关注为详细分析而选定的3个地理区域：i）恒河 - 布拉马普特拉河 - 梅克纳河河水系；ii）马来西亚的默博克河口红树林；iii）孟加拉国的孙德尔本斯红树林。基于孟加拉国、印度和尼泊尔之间区域合作的综合水资源管理存在互利机会。文中提出了政策选择。对于红树林生态系统，分析了马来西亚城市化的影响以及孟加拉国对虾养殖的无序扩张。改善治理有望在保障自然生态系统的同时提高对虾养殖的经济效益。然而，这些措施需要成为各国为实现联合国千年发展目标所做努力的一部分。
