Cheal M, Lyon D R
University of Dayton Research Institute, Higley, Arizona 85236-2020.
Percept Psychophys. 1992 Aug;52(2):113-38. doi: 10.3758/bf03206765.
Data from visual-search tasks are typically interpreted to mean that searching for targets defined by feature differences does not require attention and thus can be performed in parallel, whereas searching for other targets requires serial allocation of attention. The question addressed here was whether a parallel-serial dichotomy would be obtained if data were collected using a variety of targets representing each of several kinds of defining features. Data analyses included several computations in addition to search rate: (1) target-absent to target-present slope ratios; (2) two separate data transformations to control for errors; (3) minimum reaction time; and (4) slopes of standard deviation as a function of set size. Some targets showed strongly parallel or strongly serial search, but there was evidence for several intermediate search classes. Sometimes, for a given target-distractor pair, the results depended strongly on which character was the target and which was the distractor. Implications from theories of visual search are discussed.
视觉搜索任务的数据通常被解释为意味着搜索由特征差异定义的目标不需要注意力，因此可以并行执行，而搜索其他目标则需要注意力的串行分配。这里要解决的问题是，如果使用代表几种定义特征中的每一种的各种目标来收集数据，是否会得到并行 - 串行二分法。数据分析除了搜索率外还包括几种计算：（1）无目标到有目标的斜率比；（2）两种单独的数据变换以控制误差；（3）最短反应时间；以及（4）标准差作为集合大小函数的斜率。一些目标显示出强烈的并行或强烈的串行搜索，但有证据表明存在几种中间搜索类别。有时，对于给定的目标 - 干扰项对，结果很大程度上取决于哪个字符是目标，哪个是干扰项。讨论了视觉搜索理论的含义。
