Casale Thomas B, Dykewicz Mark S
Department of Medicine, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Am J Med Sci. 2004 Mar;327(3):127-38. doi: 10.1097/00000441-200403000-00004.
A possible link between allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma has long been a subject of debate. Surveys report that up to 78% of asthma patients have AR and 38% of patients with AR have asthma. Evidence points to a causal or coincidental relation between these upper and lower airway diseases. Various agents used to manage one entity have shown benefit in treating the other. The 2001 Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma guidelines call for patients with either condition to be assessed for the other. Medical therapy for AR or asthma should be chosen with awareness of the probable coexistence of these diseases. We present the case for and against the united airway theory proposed to explain the association between these diseases. The roles of various therapies for dually afflicted patients are evaluated, including topical corticosteroids, antihistamines, leukotriene modifiers, anti-immunoglobulin E monoclonal antibody, theophylline, and immunotherapy.
变应性鼻炎（AR）与变应性哮喘之间可能存在的联系长期以来一直是争论的焦点。调查显示，高达78%的哮喘患者患有AR，38%的AR患者患有哮喘。有证据表明这些上、下气道疾病之间存在因果关系或巧合关系。用于治疗其中一种疾病的各种药物已显示出对另一种疾病的治疗益处。2001年变应性鼻炎及其对哮喘的影响指南要求对患有其中任何一种疾病的患者进行另一种疾病的评估。在选择AR或哮喘的药物治疗时，应考虑到这些疾病可能并存的情况。我们阐述了支持和反对为解释这些疾病之间的关联而提出的联合气道理论的理由。评估了各种治疗方法对双重患病患者的作用，包括局部用皮质类固醇、抗组胺药、白三烯调节剂、抗免疫球蛋白E单克隆抗体、茶碱和免疫疗法。
