Passalacqua G, Ciprandi G, Canonica G W
Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Genoa University, Italy.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Feb;1(1):7-13. doi: 10.1097/01.all.0000010978.62527.4e.
The link between upper and lower respiratory tracts has been repeatedly observed in the past 50 years but only carefully investigated during the past decade. Several clinical and experimental observations suggested the hypothesis of the unity of upper and lower airways (allergic rhinobronchitis or united airways disease). The relationships between rhinitis (and sinusitis) and asthma also include non-epidemiological aspects such as viral infections and bronchial hyperreactivity. The hypotheses have been confirmed by means of epidemiological observations, functional and immunological evidence and, indirectly, by observing the effects of drugs used mainly for rhinitis on asthma symptoms. In this article, therefore, we collected and reviewed the most relevant experimental results available to support the hypothesis for united airways disease and the studies conducted on the possible mechanisms of nose-lung interaction.
在过去50年中，上、下呼吸道之间的联系已被反复观察到，但仅在过去十年才得到仔细研究。一些临床和实验观察结果提出了上、下气道统一（变应性鼻支气管炎或联合气道疾病）的假说。鼻炎（和鼻窦炎）与哮喘之间的关系还包括病毒感染和支气管高反应性等非流行病学方面。这些假说已通过流行病学观察、功能和免疫学证据得到证实，并且通过观察主要用于治疗鼻炎的药物对哮喘症状的影响而间接得到证实。因此，在本文中，我们收集并综述了最相关的现有实验结果，以支持联合气道疾病的假说以及关于鼻肺相互作用可能机制的研究。
