Groër M W, Thomas S P, Shoffner D
College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37996-4110.
Res Nurs Health. 1992 Jun;15(3):209-17. doi: 10.1002/nur.4770150307.
The purpose of this longitudinal panel study was to investigate developmental and gender influences on stress and coping in adolescents attending a suburban high school in Tennessee. Data were collected from the same 167 subjects during the freshman year and again during the senior year. Life events stress was measured through the Adolescent Life Change Event Scale (ALCES) and ways of coping were categorized from data gathered from an open-ended questionnaire. Girls reported more life events stress at both testings than boys. Life events stress was greater at senior testing for both girls and boys, but girls' scores increased more. The "gender intensification" phenomenon may account for the greater disparity in types of stress reported by boys and girls as seniors. Girls generally reported more life events associated with interpersonal and family relationships. Both girls and boys reported coping with stress mostly through active distraction techniques such as exercise. However, girls' use of active distraction decreased over time, while passive distraction increased. Self-destructive and aggressive coping behaviors increased for boys. There were no relationships between amounts or types of life events stress and ways of coping for subjects at either time.
这项纵向追踪研究的目的是调查田纳西州一所郊区高中的青少年在成长过程中以及性别因素对其压力和应对方式的影响。研究数据来自167名相同的受试者，分别在他们高一和高三时收集。生活事件压力通过青少年生活变化事件量表（ALCES）进行测量，应对方式则根据一份开放式问卷收集的数据进行分类。在两次测试中，女孩报告的生活事件压力均多于男孩。在高三测试时，男孩和女孩的生活事件压力都更大，但女孩的分数增长更多。“性别强化”现象可能解释了高年级男孩和女孩所报告的压力类型存在更大差异的原因。女孩通常报告更多与人际关系和家庭关系相关的生活事件。男孩和女孩都报告主要通过诸如锻炼等积极的分散注意力技巧来应对压力。然而，随着时间的推移，女孩对积极分散注意力技巧的使用减少，而消极分散注意力的方式增加。男孩的自我毁灭和攻击性行为有所增加。在任何一个时间点，生活事件压力的数量或类型与受试者的应对方式之间均无关联。
