Curran Tim
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, Campus Box 345, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
Neuropsychologia. 2004;42(8):1088-106. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.12.011.
Dual-process theories suggest that recognition memory is determined by two separate processes: familiarity and recollection. Experiment 1 behaviorally replicated past studies using the remember/know procedure to indicate that the amount of attention devoted to study influences both recollection and familiarity, but recollection more strongly. Experiments 1 and 2 assessed the effects of attention on two ERP components that have been hypothesized to be related to familiarity (FN400 old/new effect, 300-500 ms, anterior) and recollection (parietal old/new effect, 400-800 ms, posterior). Parietal old/new effects were reduced by divided attention, but FN400 old/new effects were not. Parietal ERPs (400-800 ms) in experiment 2 increased with confidence in recognizing old items, but not new items. These results support the hypothesis that the parietal old/new effect is related to recollection.
双加工理论认为，识别记忆由两个独立的过程决定：熟悉性和回忆。实验1使用记得/知道程序在行为上重复了过去的研究，以表明用于学习的注意力程度会影响回忆和熟悉性，但对回忆的影响更强。实验1和实验2评估了注意力对两个事件相关电位（ERP）成分的影响，这两个成分被假定与熟悉性（FN400新旧效应，300 - 500毫秒，前部）和回忆（顶叶新旧效应，400 - 800毫秒，后部）有关。分散注意力会降低顶叶新旧效应，但不会降低FN400新旧效应。实验2中顶叶ERP（400 - 800毫秒）随着识别旧项目的信心增加而增加，但识别新项目时则不然。这些结果支持了顶叶新旧效应与回忆有关的假设。
