Hassani Morad, Patel Mahesh C, Pirofski Liise-Anne
Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center Bronx NY, 10461 USA.
Clin Immunol. 2004 Apr;111(1):1-15. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2003.09.010.
The development of vaccines and implementation of vaccination programs are among the most important medical contributions to humanity. To date, vaccination has reduced morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases more than any other specific medical intervention. The intentional use of bioweapons against civilians (bioterrorism), recently highlighted by events around the world, has fueled interest in the development of vaccines for potential microbial agents of bioterror. This review discusses the microbial agents that are considered to pose the greatest risk to the public, the diseases associated with them, and the vaccines that are available for their prevention. The paucity of such vaccines and uncertainty regarding mechanisms of vaccine efficacy and the microbial antigens that elicit protection underscore the need for continued study of host-microbe interaction and the immune response to potential agents of bioterror for the development of new vaccines and immune-based therapies to combat their potential to harm the public.
疫苗的研发和疫苗接种计划的实施是医学对人类最重要的贡献之一。迄今为止，接种疫苗比任何其他特定的医学干预措施都更有效地降低了传染病的发病率和死亡率。近期世界各地发生的事件凸显了针对平民蓄意使用生物武器（生物恐怖主义）的情况，这激发了人们对研发针对潜在生物恐怖微生物制剂疫苗的兴趣。本综述讨论了被认为对公众构成最大风险的微生物制剂、与之相关的疾病以及可用于预防这些疾病的疫苗。此类疫苗数量稀少，且在疫苗效力机制以及引发保护作用的微生物抗原方面存在不确定性，这突出表明需要持续研究宿主与微生物的相互作用以及对潜在生物恐怖制剂的免疫反应，以便开发新的疫苗和基于免疫的疗法，以应对其危害公众的可能性。
