Oldervoll L M, Kaasa S, Hjermstad M J, Lund J A, Loge J H
Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Trondheim University Hospital, 5th Floor Cancer Building, St. Olavs Hospital, N-7005 Trondheim, Norway.
Eur J Cancer. 2004 May;40(7):951-62. doi: 10.1016/j.ejca.2003.12.005.
Physical exercise as an intervention in cancer patients has attracted increasing interest. This review examines the published randomised controlled trials on physical exercise, during and after cancer treatment, focusing primarily on recruitment of patients, patient compliance, content of the intervention programmes and outcome measures. We performed systematic searches of PubMed, PsychInfo, Cancerlit and the Cochrane Library using the MESH terms exercise, neoplasms, cancer, rehabilitation and intervention. We identified 12 randomised trials with sample sizes ranging from 21 to 155 patients. Only four studies reported the number of patients assessed for eligibility and the reasons for exclusion; 15% to 30% of patients assessed for eligibility were randomised into the intervention programmes. Drop-out rates in the trials ranged from 0% to 34%. Most studies included female breast cancer patients (nine studies, 62% of total number of patients). Interventions included aerobic exercise training (10 studies) and resistance exercise (two studies). The studies used a wide range of instruments to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and the physical exercise capacity. The studies indicated promising effects on both physiological and psychological outcomes. Randomised clinical studies are few, small in scope, and mainly focus on breast cancer patients. Complete knowledge about the type of physical exercise most beneficial for patients at different stages of the disease progression is still lacking. Future work should identify fewer and more specific endpoints.
体育锻炼作为癌症患者的一种干预措施已引起越来越多的关注。本综述考察了已发表的关于癌症治疗期间及之后体育锻炼的随机对照试验，主要关注患者招募、患者依从性、干预方案内容及结果指标。我们使用医学主题词“锻炼”“肿瘤”“癌症”“康复”及“干预”对PubMed、PsychInfo、Cancerlit和考克兰图书馆进行了系统检索。我们确定了12项随机试验，样本量从21名至155名患者不等。只有四项研究报告了评估合格的患者数量及排除原因；评估合格的患者中有15%至30%被随机分配到干预方案中。试验中的退出率在0%至34%之间。大多数研究纳入了女性乳腺癌患者（九项研究，占患者总数的62%）。干预措施包括有氧运动训练（十项研究）和抗阻运动（两项研究）。这些研究使用了多种工具来评估健康相关生活质量（HRQOL）和体育锻炼能力。研究表明对生理和心理结果均有显著效果。随机临床研究数量少、范围小，且主要集中在乳腺癌患者。对于疾病进展不同阶段对患者最有益的体育锻炼类型仍缺乏全面了解。未来的工作应确定更少且更具体的终点指标。
