Pehlivantürk Berna
Hacettepe U Tip Fak., Cocuk Ruh Sağliği ve Hastaliklari AD., Ankara, Turkey.
Turk Psikiyatri Derg. 2004 Spring;15(1):56-63.
Autistic disorder is a neuropsychiatric disorder which begins in the first years of life with delays and deviance in social, communicative and cognitive development and with restricted repertoire of activities and interests. It is thought that autistic children do not form attachments to parents or caregivers because of their difficulties in social interaction. Yet, the findings of the studies demonstrate evidences for the existence of attachment between autistic children and their caregivers. The aim of the present study is to review the studies that examine the attachment behaviors in autism. Autistic children show similar attachment behaviors when compared to children with normal development, children with other psychiatric disorders, children with Down syndrome and mentally retarded children. Children with autism prefer their mothers to strangers and attempt to remain close to them as much as other children. However they do not engage in attention sharing behaviors such as pointing or showing objects. They also do not seem to recognize the meaning of facial expressions and emotions. Although autism does not exclude the development of secure attachment relationships, it may delay the development of secure attachment and change the behavioral patterns related with attachment security. It is concluded that the awareness of the parents and the clinicians might help to establish treatment alternatives that preserve and improve the attachment behaviors of autistic children.
自闭症谱系障碍是一种神经精神障碍，始于生命的最初几年，表现为社交、沟通和认知发展方面的延迟和异常，以及活动和兴趣范围受限。人们认为，自闭症儿童由于社交互动困难，无法与父母或照顾者建立依恋关系。然而，研究结果表明，自闭症儿童与其照顾者之间存在依恋关系。本研究的目的是回顾那些探讨自闭症依恋行为的研究。与正常发育儿童、患有其他精神疾病的儿童、唐氏综合征儿童和智力迟钝儿童相比，自闭症儿童表现出相似的依恋行为。自闭症儿童更喜欢母亲而不是陌生人，并试图像其他儿童一样尽可能地与母亲保持亲近。然而，他们不会参与诸如指物或展示物品等注意力分享行为。他们似乎也无法识别面部表情和情绪的含义。虽然自闭症并不排除安全依恋关系的发展，但它可能会延迟安全依恋的发展，并改变与依恋安全性相关的行为模式。研究得出结论，父母和临床医生的认识可能有助于建立治疗方案，以维持和改善自闭症儿童的依恋行为。
