八种常见人参对健康人急性餐后血糖指数的降低、无影响及升高作用：人参皂苷的作用

Decreasing, null and increasing effects of eight popular types of ginseng on acute postprandial glycemic indices in healthy humans: the role of ginsenosides.

作者信息

Sievenpiper John L, Arnason John T, Leiter Lawrence A, Vuksan Vladimir

机构信息

Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, ON, Canada.

出版信息

J Am Coll Nutr. 2004 Jun;23(3):248-58. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2004.10719368.

DOI:10.1080/07315724.2004.10719368

PMID:15190050

Abstract

BACKGROUND

It is unclear whether other ginseng sources can replicate the glycemic-lowering efficacy observed previously with American ginseng and whether ginsenosides are mediators. We assessed the effect of eight popular ginseng types on postprandial plasma glucose (PG) and insulin (PI) indices, linking effects to ginsenoside profiles.

METHODS

Using a double-blind, randomized, multiple-crossover design, 12 healthy participants (gender: 6M:6F, age: 34 +/- 3 y, BMI: 25.8 +/- 1.2 kg/m(2)) received 10 3g treatments: American, American-wild, Asian, Asian-red, Vietnamese-wild, Siberian, Japanese-rhizome, and Sanchi ginsengs and two placebos. Each treatment was given 40-minutes before a 75g-oral-glucose-tolerance-test (75g-OGTT) with blood drawn at -40, 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, 120-minutes. HPLC-UV analysis quantified seven principal ginsenosides.

RESULTS

Two-factor analysis showed the main effects of ginseng-type and time were significant for PG and PI, with an interaction for PG (p < 0.05). Subsequent one-factor analysis showed an effect of ginseng-type on 90-min-PG and 90-min-PI (p < 0.05). This was reflected in effects on peak-PG, area under the curve (AUC)-PG and AUC-PI (p < 0.05). But the effect on 90-min-PI and AUC-PI were significant (p < 0.05) only in overweight participants (BMI > 25 kg/m(2), n = 6). Planned comparisons with placebo showed a tendency for American ginseng and Vietnamese ginseng to lower 90-min-PG (p < 0.06), while Asian ginseng raised peak-PG and AUC-PG, American-wild ginseng raised 120-min-PG, and Siberian ginseng raised 90-min-PG, 120-min-PG, and AUC-PG (p < 0.05). Stepwise-multiple-regression assessed the protopanaxadiol:protopanaxatriol (PPD:PPT)-ginsenoside ratio as the sole predictor (p < 0.05) for 90-min-PG (beta = -0.43, r(2) = 0.072), AUC-PG (beta = -0.25, r(2) = 0.06), 90-min-PI (beta = -0.26, r(2) = 0.065), AUC-PI (beta = -0.20, r(2) = 0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Ginseng has variable glycemic effects, in which the PPD:PPT-ginsenoside ratio might be involved. But the low variance explained suggests the involvement of other unmeasured ginsenoside or non-ginsenoside components.

摘要

背景

目前尚不清楚其他来源的人参是否能重现先前观察到的西洋参的降血糖功效，以及人参皂苷是否为介导因素。我们评估了八种常见人参类型对餐后血浆葡萄糖（PG）和胰岛素（PI）指标的影响，并将这些影响与人参皂苷谱相关联。

方法

采用双盲、随机、多交叉设计，12名健康参与者（性别：6男：6女，年龄：34±3岁，体重指数：25.8±1.2kg/m²）接受10种3克剂量的处理：西洋参、美国野生人参、亚洲人参、高丽参、越南野生人参、西伯利亚人参、日本根茎人参、三七人参以及两种安慰剂。在进行75克口服葡萄糖耐量试验（75g-OGTT）前40分钟给予每种处理，在-40、0、15、30、45、60、90、120分钟时采集血液。高效液相色谱-紫外分析对七种主要人参皂苷进行了定量。

结果

双因素分析显示人参类型和时间对PG和PI的主效应显著，PG存在交互作用（p<0.05）。随后的单因素分析显示人参类型对90分钟PG和90分钟PI有影响（p<0.05）。这反映在对峰值PG、曲线下面积（AUC）-PG和AUC-PI的影响上（p<0.05）。但对90分钟PI和AUC-PI的影响仅在超重参与者（体重指数>25kg/m²，n=6）中显著（p<0.05）。与安慰剂的计划比较显示，西洋参和越南人参有降低90分钟PG的趋势（p<0.06），而亚洲人参升高了峰值PG和AUC-PG，美国野生人参升高了120分钟PG，西伯利亚人参升高了90分钟PG、120分钟PG和AUC-PG（p<0.05）。逐步多元回归评估原人参二醇：原人参三醇（PPD：PPT）-人参皂苷比率作为90分钟PG（β=-0.43，r²=0.072）、AUC-PG（β=-0.25，r²=0.06）、90分钟PI（β=-0.26，r²=0.065）、AUC-PI（β=-0.20，r²=0.04）的唯一预测因子（p<0.05）。