Brückner G K
Directorate, Veterinary Services, Private Bag X1, Elsenburg 7607, Western Cape, South Africa.
Rev Sci Tech. 2004 Apr;23(1):95-107; discussion 391-401.
Developing countries are increasingly coming under pressure to improve their delivery of veterinary services as a prerequisite for entering the competitive arena of international trade in animals and animal products. The demands placed on developing countries by predominantly developed countries to comply with international disease prevention standards have also resulted in increasing demands on the financial, human and technological resources of these developing countries. The minimum requirements of the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and the standards, guidelines and recommendations of international standard-setting organisations, such as the OIE (World organisation for animal health), are evaluated in terms of the opportunities embedded within these guidelines for developing countries. Such an evaluation indicates that the rights and obligations contained in these standards, guidelines and recommendations do not necessarily protect only the interests of developed countries but also encourage developing countries to work towards the levels of compliance and disease prevention required by their potential trade partners. The costs of this compliance can be reduced by exploiting more cost-effective alternatives for delivering services, when dictated by budgetary constraints. International organisations have illustrated on many occasions, and through a variety of development programmes, that they do indeed realise their responsibility towards developing countries in the areas of increased capacity building and technical assistance. If international organisations can refocus their interventions on the actual and specific needs of developing countries, then they can help to expedite the process of compliance with international standards.
发展中国家在改善兽医服务提供方面正面临越来越大的压力，这是其进入动物及动物产品国际贸易竞争领域的先决条件。主要由发达国家对发展中国家提出的遵守国际疾病预防标准的要求，也导致这些发展中国家在财政、人力和技术资源方面面临越来越大的需求。根据这些准则为发展中国家带来的机遇，对《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》的最低要求以及国际标准制定组织（如世界动物卫生组织）的标准、准则和建议进行了评估。这样的评估表明，这些标准、准则和建议中包含的权利和义务不一定只保护发达国家的利益，也鼓励发展中国家朝着其潜在贸易伙伴所要求的合规水平和疾病预防水平努力。在预算限制的情况下，通过采用更具成本效益的服务提供替代方案，可以降低这种合规成本。国际组织多次通过各种发展方案表明，它们确实认识到在能力建设和技术援助增加领域对发展中国家的责任。如果国际组织能够将其干预重点重新放在发展中国家的实际和具体需求上，那么它们就可以帮助加快遵守国际标准的进程。
