Yaris Nilgun, Mandiracioglu Aliye, Büyükpamukcu Münevver
Department of Paediatrics, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey.
Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Apr-May;21(3):237-53. doi: 10.1080/08880010490276971.
The problem of childhood cancer cannot be evaluated separately from developmental levels and states of health of the countries. Rapid increase in population, poverty, poor hygiene, lack of education, and multitude health problems impede the development of pediatric oncology and success of the management of childhood cancer in developing countries. More than 85% pediatric cancer cases occur in developing countries that use less than 5% of world resources. The rate will exceed 90% in the next two decades, due to the increase of youth population in favor of developing countries. Incidence rates, pathology, and clinical characteristics of various cancers seem different in developing and developed countries. Different environments, life styles, dietary habits, and hygienic conditions are the main reasons for those differences. Unprecedented changes in diagnostic techniques, treatment methods and supportive care have occurred during the last decades. Consequently, management has improved and the mortality rates have decreased. Most of the children with cancer living in developing countries could not profit from those advances in pediatric oncology because of the cost.
儿童癌症问题不能脱离各国的发展水平和健康状况单独进行评估。人口快速增长、贫困、卫生条件差、教育匮乏以及众多健康问题阻碍了发展中国家儿科肿瘤学的发展和儿童癌症治疗的成效。超过85%的儿童癌症病例发生在使用不到世界5%资源的发展中国家。由于有利于发展中国家的青年人口增加,在未来二十年这一比例将超过90%。发展中国家和发达国家各种癌症的发病率、病理和临床特征似乎有所不同。不同的环境、生活方式、饮食习惯和卫生条件是造成这些差异的主要原因。在过去几十年里,诊断技术、治疗方法和支持性护理发生了前所未有的变化。因此,治疗有所改善,死亡率有所下降。由于费用问题,大多数生活在发展中国家的癌症患儿无法从儿科肿瘤学的这些进展中获益。