Hewitt Stephen M, Dear James, Star Robert A
Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004 Jul;15(7):1677-89. doi: 10.1097/01.asn.0000129114.92265.32.
Animal models and human studies have been useful in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of renal disease and finding new disease targets; however, translation of these findings to new clinical therapeutics remains challenging. Difficulties with detecting early disease, measuring drug effectiveness, and the daunting cost of clinical trials hampers the development of new therapeutics for renal diseases. Many existing laboratory tests were discovered because of inspired recognition that a particular protein might prove useful in clinical practice. New unbiased genomic and proteomic techniques identify many constituents present in biologic samples and thus may greatly accelerate biomarker research. This review focuses on the steps needed to develop new biomarkers that are useful in laboratory and clinical investigations, with particular focus on new proteomic screening technologies. New biomarkers will speed the laboratory and clinical development of new treatments for renal diseases through mechanistic insights, diagnoses that are more refined, early detection, and enhanced proof of concept testing.
动物模型和人体研究对于剖析肾脏疾病的分子机制以及寻找新的疾病靶点很有帮助；然而，将这些研究结果转化为新的临床治疗方法仍然具有挑战性。早期疾病检测困难、药物疗效测量以及临床试验高昂的成本阻碍了肾脏疾病新治疗方法的开发。许多现有的实验室检测方法是由于人们敏锐地认识到某种特定蛋白质可能在临床实践中有用而发现的。新的非偏倚基因组和蛋白质组学技术能够识别生物样本中存在的许多成分，因此可能会极大地加速生物标志物的研究。本综述重点关注开发在实验室和临床研究中有用的新生物标志物所需的步骤，尤其侧重于新的蛋白质组学筛选技术。新的生物标志物将通过提供机制性见解、更精确的诊断、早期检测以及增强概念验证测试，加速肾脏疾病新治疗方法的实验室和临床开发。
