Plekhova N G, Somova-Isachkova L M, Slonova R A, Kompanets G G, Pustovalov E V, Drobot E I
Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Siberian Branch of RAMS, Vladivostok.
Tsitologiia. 2003;45(8):770-9.
Monocytes/macrophages are one of the first cells subjected to the infectious effect of viruses. The present paper analyses for the first time the ultrastructural changes in macrophages caused by an agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HERS)--hantavirus (HV). After a local fusion with the host cell plasmalemma and its adsorption on the cell surface, the HV penetrates through the macrophage membrane. This process occurred without destruction of cell plasmalemma. HV viral particles were observe within the macrophage cytoplasm mostly on the smooth granular endoplasmic reticulum vesicles. Viroplasts were defined in macrophages after a 2 h incubation, with synthesis of viral nucleoproteins and primary covers being observed on the surface of viroplasts. Viral particles left macrophages in the process of budding on the phagocyte surface. Thereby HV, similar to other enveloped viruses, realizes entrance and egress from the target cell without damaging its plasmalemma. This accounts for the viral ability to reproduce in macrophages for a long time without any cytopathological effect. Consequently, in the absence of obvious destruction changes, mononuclear phagocytes can serve as a long-term storage of viruses, and thus being involved in HV dissemination during HERS.
单核细胞/巨噬细胞是最早受到病毒感染影响的细胞之一。本文首次分析了肾综合征出血热（HERS）病原体——汉坦病毒（HV）引起的巨噬细胞超微结构变化。在与宿主细胞质膜局部融合并吸附在细胞表面后，HV穿过巨噬细胞膜。这个过程在不破坏细胞质膜的情况下发生。在巨噬细胞胞质内，HV病毒颗粒大多出现在光滑的颗粒内质网小泡上。孵育2小时后在巨噬细胞中发现了病毒发生基质，在病毒发生基质表面观察到病毒核蛋白的合成和初级包膜。病毒颗粒在吞噬细胞表面出芽的过程中离开巨噬细胞。因此，与其他包膜病毒类似，HV在不损害靶细胞质膜的情况下实现进入和离开靶细胞。这解释了病毒在巨噬细胞中长时间繁殖而没有任何细胞病理效应的能力。因此，在没有明显破坏变化的情况下，单核吞噬细胞可以作为病毒的长期储存库，从而参与肾综合征出血热期间HV的传播。
