不同居住环境下智力障碍成年人的身心健康状况。
Physical and behavioral health of adults with mental retardation across residential settings.
作者信息
Freedman Ruth I, Chassler Deborah
机构信息
School of Social Work, Boston University School of Social Work, MA 02215, USA.
出版信息
Public Health Rep. 2004 Jul-Aug;119(4):401-8. doi: 10.1016/j.phr.2004.05.004.
OBJECTIVES
This article presents survey data about the health and behavioral characteristics of a randomly selected sample of 629 adults with mental retardation (MR) living in Massachusetts in 2000. The goals of this analysis were to: describe the health, behavioral, and functional characteristics of the sample; examine relationships between consumer health, behavior problems, and functioning; and analyze variations in health and behavior problems by type of residential setting (parent/relative home, community residence, or institutional setting).
METHODS
The authors analyzed data obtained from interviews with proxies (relatives, guardians, advocates, or program staff) on behalf of consumers and from state agency records. Chi-square analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between health, behavioral, and functional characteristics of consumers and differences in health and behaviors by type of residence.
RESULTS
More than 80% of consumers were reported to have either "excellent" or "good" health. Overall health status did not significantly vary by residential type, but was significantly related to the presence of additional disabilities and some functional limitations. Several health and behavioral measures varied significantly by residential type: recent physical, dental, and ob/gyn exams; medication usage; problem behaviors; and functional level.
CONCLUSIONS
As large numbers of individuals with MR reach adulthood and old age, public health and medical professionals face the challenges of addressing the health and behavioral needs of this population, preventing secondary health conditions, and improving environmental conditions that may influence health and mental health.
目标
本文呈现了2000年对马萨诸塞州随机抽取的629名成年智力障碍者样本的健康及行为特征的调查数据。该分析的目标是：描述样本的健康、行为及功能特征；研究消费者健康、行为问题与功能之间的关系；分析按居住环境类型（父母/亲属家、社区住所或机构环境）划分的健康及行为问题差异。
方法
作者分析了代表消费者与代理人（亲属、监护人、倡导者或项目工作人员）访谈获得的数据以及来自州机构记录的数据。进行卡方分析以研究消费者的健康、行为及功能特征之间的关系以及按居住类型划分的健康及行为差异。
结果
据报告，超过80%的消费者健康状况为“极佳”或“良好”。总体健康状况并未因居住类型而有显著差异，但与其他残疾的存在及一些功能限制显著相关。几项健康及行为指标因居住类型而有显著差异：近期的身体、牙科及妇产科检查；药物使用情况；问题行为；以及功能水平。
结论
随着大量智力障碍者步入成年及老年，公共卫生和医疗专业人员面临着应对该人群的健康及行为需求、预防继发性健康状况以及改善可能影响健康和心理健康的环境条件等挑战。
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