工具、玩具、陈词滥调和理论：关于理论形成创造性循环的一些思考。
Tools, toys, truisms, and theories: some thoughts on the creative cycle of theory formation.
作者信息
Fiedler Klaus
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
出版信息
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2004;8(2):123-31. doi: 10.1207/s15327957pspr0802_5.
Theory creation underlies the basic laws of evolution, calling for both random variation (loosening) and critical selection processes (tightening). Theory construction requires support of both components. However, whereas psychology has created a refined methodology for the tightening stage, attempts to understand the loosening stage of the creative cycle are conspicuously missing. I propose that both aspects of the creative cycle of theory formation can be acquired and exercised playfully, through distinct loosening and tightening games. I outline the rules of these games and illustrate them with examples from contemporary research.
理论创造是进化基本规律的基础，它既需要随机变异（放松），也需要关键的选择过程（收紧）。理论构建需要这两个组成部分的支持。然而，虽然心理学已经为收紧阶段创建了完善的方法，但对于理解创造周期中放松阶段的尝试却明显缺失。我认为，理论形成创造周期的两个方面都可以通过独特的放松和收紧游戏，以有趣的方式获得和运用。我概述了这些游戏的规则，并以当代研究中的例子加以说明。
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