Trask Jennifer R, Kalita Prasanta K, Kuhlenschmidt Mark S, Smith Ronald D, Funk Ted L
Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
J Environ Qual. 2004 May-Jun;33(3):984-93. doi: 10.2134/jeq2004.0984.
Understanding microbial pathogen transport patterns in overland flow is important for developing best management practices for limiting microbial transport to water resources. Knowledge about the effectiveness of vegetative filter strips (VFS) to reduce pathogen transport from livestock confinement areas is limited. In this study, overland and near-surface transport of Cryptosporidium parvum has been investigated. Effects of land slopes, vegetation, and rainfall intensities on oocyst transport were examined using a tilting soil chamber with two compartments, one with bare ground and the other with brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) vegetation. Three slope conditions (1.5, 3.0, and 4.5%) were used in conjunction with two rainfall intensities (25.4 and 63.5 mm/h) for 44 min using a rainfall simulator. The vegetative surface was very effective in reducing C. parvum in surface runoff. For the 25.4 mm/h rainfall, the total percent recovery of oocysts in overland flow from the VFS varied from 0.6 to 1.7%, while those from the bare ground condition varied from 4.4 to 14.5%. For the 63.5 mm/h rainfall, the recovery percentages of oocysts varied from 0.8 to 27.2% from the VFS, and 5.3 to 59% from bare-ground conditions. For all slopes and rainfall intensities, the total (combining both surface and near-surface) recovery of C. parvum oocysts was considerably less from the vegetated surface than those from the bare-ground conditions. These results indicate that the VFS can be a best management practice for controlling C. parvum in runoff from animal production facilities.
了解微生物病原体在地表径流中的传输模式对于制定最佳管理措施以限制微生物向水资源的传输至关重要。关于植被过滤带（VFS）减少病原体从牲畜圈舍区域传输的有效性的知识有限。在本研究中，对微小隐孢子虫的地表和近地表传输进行了调查。使用带有两个隔室的倾斜土壤室研究了坡度、植被和降雨强度对卵囊传输的影响，一个隔室为裸地，另一个隔室为无芒雀麦（Bromus inermis Leyss.）植被。使用降雨模拟器，结合三种坡度条件（1.5%、3.0%和4.5%）以及两种降雨强度（25.4和63.5毫米/小时）进行了44分钟的实验。植被表面在减少地表径流中的微小隐孢子虫方面非常有效。对于25.4毫米/小时的降雨，来自植被过滤带的地表径流中卵囊的总回收率在0.6%至1.7%之间，而来自裸地条件的回收率在4.4%至14.5%之间。对于63.5毫米/小时的降雨，来自植被过滤带的卵囊回收率在0.8%至27.2%之间，来自裸地条件的回收率在5.3%至59%之间。对于所有坡度和降雨强度，植被表面微小隐孢子虫卵囊的总（包括地表和近地表）回收率远低于裸地条件。这些结果表明，植被过滤带可以作为控制动物生产设施径流中微小隐孢子虫的最佳管理措施。
