Droomers Mariël, Schrijvers Carola T M, Mackenbach Johan P
Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Eur J Public Health. 2004 Jun;14(2):194-8. doi: 10.1093/eurpub/14.2.194.
At this time, the mechanisms by which socioeconomic differences in smoking develop are not completely understood. In this paper the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a potential explanatory framework for socioeconomic differences in smoking is tested. It was hypothesized that components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour may be unequally distributed over educational groups and therefore contribute to the explanation of socioeconomic differences in smoking. Educational differences in the intention to quit smoking are described and attempts are made to understand these in the light of educational patterns in attitude towards smoking cessation, perceived subjective norm concerning quitting smoking, and self-efficacy.
This cross-sectional study was part of the longitudinal GLOBE study on socioeconomic differences in The Netherlands. Components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour were measured in 1997 among 602 Dutch daily smokers.
No educational differences in the intention to quit smoking were found. Persons with a more positive attitude towards smoking cessation and a high subjective norm significantly more often intended to quit smoking. But, positive attitude and high subjective norm were not related to education, which explains the lack of educational differences in intention to quit smoking. Higher educated respondents reported significantly higher self-efficacy to refrain from smoking, which, however, was not related to the intention to quit smoking.
It is anticipated that, from all components of the Theory of Planned Behaviour, only the direct effect of self-efficacy on behaviour may contribute to educational differences in smoking cessation.
目前，吸烟方面社会经济差异产生的机制尚未完全明确。本文对计划行为理论作为吸烟社会经济差异潜在解释框架进行了检验。研究假设计划行为理论的各个组成部分在不同教育程度群体中的分布可能不均衡，因此有助于解释吸烟方面的社会经济差异。文中描述了戒烟意愿的教育差异，并尝试从对戒烟的态度、对戒烟的主观规范认知以及自我效能感等教育模式方面来理解这些差异。
这项横断面研究是荷兰一项关于社会经济差异的纵向GLOBE研究的一部分。1997年，对602名荷兰每日吸烟者测量了计划行为理论的各个组成部分。
未发现戒烟意愿存在教育差异。对戒烟态度更积极且主观规范较高的人明显更常打算戒烟。但是，积极态度和高主观规范与教育程度无关，这就解释了戒烟意愿不存在教育差异的原因。受教育程度较高的受访者报告称，他们克制吸烟的自我效能感明显更高，然而，这与戒烟意愿并无关联。
预计在计划行为理论的所有组成部分中，只有自我效能感对行为的直接影响可能导致戒烟方面的教育差异。
