Smith Rebekah E, Bayen Ute J
Department of Psychology, CB 3270, Davie Hall, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2004 Jul;30(4):756-77. doi: 10.1037/0278-7393.30.4.756.
Prospective memory is remembering to perform an action in the future. The authors introduce the 1st formal model of event-based prospective memory, namely, a multinomial model that includes 2 separate parameters related to prospective memory processes. The 1st measures preparatory attentional processes, and the 2nd measures retrospective memory processes. The model was validated in 4 experiments. Manipulations of instructions to place importance on either the prospective memory task or the background task (Experiments 1 and 2) and manipulations of distinctiveness of prospective memory targets (Experiment 2) had expected effects on model parameters, as did a manipulation of the difficulty of prospective memory target encoding (Experiments 3 and 4). An alternative model was also evaluated.
前瞻性记忆是指记得在未来执行某个动作。作者介绍了首个基于事件的前瞻性记忆的形式模型，即一个多项式模型，该模型包含与前瞻性记忆过程相关的两个独立参数。第一个参数衡量预备性注意过程，第二个参数衡量回溯性记忆过程。该模型在4个实验中得到了验证。对强调前瞻性记忆任务或背景任务的指令进行操作（实验1和2），以及对前瞻性记忆目标的独特性进行操作（实验2），均对模型参数产生了预期效果，对前瞻性记忆目标编码难度的操作（实验3和4）也是如此。还评估了一个替代模型。
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