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野生黑猩猩在社交玩耍过程中何时会出现喘气式玩耍行为?

When does play panting occur during social play in wild chimpanzees?

作者信息

Matsusaka Takahisa

机构信息

Laboratory of Human Evolution Studies, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.

出版信息

Primates. 2004 Oct;45(4):221-9. doi: 10.1007/s10329-004-0090-z. Epub 2004 Jul 7.

Abstract

To clarify the social functions of play panting in chimpanzees, I investigated when they emitted play panting in social play and how the interactions were affected by the occurrence of play panting. The subjects were the M-group chimpanzees living in Mahale, Tanzania. The following observations were made: (1) chimpanzees emitted play panting when they were tickled or chased but rarely did so when they tickled or chased others. Chimpanzee play panting does not have the function of a play signal communicating that these "aggressive" actions are performed not as aggression but as play. (2) Chimpanzees emitted play panting more often when they received "aggressive" actions that supposedly elicited higher arousal. (3) A chimpanzee tended to continue to perform "aggressive" actions when the target emitted play panting. Play panting activates the interaction of social play by encouraging the performer to continue tickling or chasing. These results can be summarized as showing that chimpanzee play panting serves as positive feedback to the play partner for continuing somewhat fragile interactions, which may contain the risk of excessive arousal and the risk of confusing "defensive" actions by the target of the "aggressive" actions with real efforts to escape the situation.

摘要

为了阐明黑猩猩玩耍时喘气的社会功能,我研究了它们在社交玩耍中何时发出玩耍时的喘气声,以及玩耍时的喘气声是如何影响互动的。研究对象是生活在坦桑尼亚马哈勒的M群黑猩猩。观察结果如下:(1) 黑猩猩在被挠痒痒或被追赶时会发出玩耍时的喘气声,但当它们挠痒痒或追赶其他黑猩猩时很少发出这种声音。黑猩猩玩耍时的喘气声并不具有作为玩耍信号的功能,用以表明这些“攻击性”行为不是作为攻击而是作为玩耍来进行的。(2) 当黑猩猩受到据推测会引起更高唤醒水平的“攻击性”行为时,它们更频繁地发出玩耍时的喘气声。(3) 当目标发出玩耍时的喘气声时,一只黑猩猩倾向于继续进行“攻击性”行为。玩耍时的喘气声通过鼓励执行者继续挠痒痒或追赶来激活社交玩耍的互动。这些结果可以总结为表明黑猩猩玩耍时的喘气声作为对玩耍伙伴的积极反馈,以继续某种程度上脆弱的互动,这种互动可能包含过度唤醒的风险以及将“攻击性”行为的目标的“防御性”行为与真正试图逃离该情境的行为混淆的风险。

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