Horne Rosemary S C, Parslow Peter M, Harding Richard
Ritchie Centre for Baby Health Research, Australia.
Paediatr Respir Rev. 2004 Sep;5(3):190-8. doi: 10.1016/j.prrv.2004.04.011.
Control of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems undergoes rapid maturation during infancy. Sleep is at a lifetime maximum during this period and has a marked influence on cardiorespiratory function. The mechanisms leading to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may include a failure in the neural integration of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, with a concomitant failure to arouse from sleep. Studies have shown that sleep states exert a marked influence on respiratory control and arousability. Infants are more arousable in active sleep compared with quiet sleep from both somatosensory and respiratory stimuli. Post-natal and gestational age at birth also have a marked influence on arousability. Arousability is depressed by the major risk factors for SIDS (prone sleeping, maternal smoking, prematurity and recent infection) and is increased by factors that decrease the risk for SIDS (e.g. use of dummies, breastfeeding).
在婴儿期,心血管和呼吸系统的控制功能会迅速成熟。在此期间,睡眠时长达到一生中的最大值,并且对心肺功能有显著影响。导致婴儿猝死综合征(SIDS)的机制可能包括心血管和呼吸系统神经整合功能的衰竭,以及随之而来的无法从睡眠中唤醒。研究表明,睡眠状态对呼吸控制和唤醒能力有显著影响。与安静睡眠相比,婴儿在主动睡眠中更容易被体感和呼吸刺激唤醒。出生后的年龄和胎龄对唤醒能力也有显著影响。SIDS的主要危险因素(俯卧睡眠、母亲吸烟、早产和近期感染)会降低唤醒能力,而降低SIDS风险的因素(如使用安抚奶嘴、母乳喂养)则会提高唤醒能力。