Kontos Anthony P
University of New Orleans, 109 Human Performance Center, New Orleans, LA 70148.
J Pediatr Psychol. 2004 Sep;29(6):447-55. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsh048.
To determine the predictive validity of perceived risk, risk taking, estimation of ability, overefficacy, and previous injuries on actual injury among adolescents in sport; and to examine sex differences on these factors.
A cohort of 260 (148 male, 112 female) soccer players aged 11 to 14 years participated in a 3-month prospective injury study. Preseason written measures included self-reported perceived risk, previous injuries, risk taking and estimation of ability.
Low levels of perceived risk and estimation of ability were associated with a significant increase in risk of injury, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 3.77-7.92. Positive relationships between injury and both estimation of ability and overestimation of ability were supported. Estimation of ability was also positively related to risk taking. In this study, however, risk taking was not directly related to injury, nor were previous injuries. Girls reported higher levels of perceived risk and lower levels of risk taking than boys. However, boys and girls reported similar estimation of ability and overestimation of ability and subsequently incurred similar numbers of injuries.
Perceived risk and estimation of ability represent significant psychological risk factors for injury in adolescent sports. Sex differences in perceived risk, risk taking, and previous injuries should be considered when developing environmental and behavioral injury-prevention programs.
确定感知风险、冒险行为、能力评估、过度效能感和既往损伤对青少年运动中实际损伤的预测效度；并检验这些因素上的性别差异。
260名年龄在11至14岁的足球运动员（148名男性，112名女性）参与了一项为期3个月的前瞻性损伤研究。季前书面测量包括自我报告的感知风险、既往损伤、冒险行为和能力评估。
低水平的感知风险和能力评估与损伤风险显著增加相关，优势比（OR）范围为3.77至7.92。损伤与能力评估和能力高估之间的正相关关系得到支持。能力评估也与冒险行为呈正相关。然而，在本研究中，冒险行为与损伤无直接关联，既往损伤也无此关联。女孩报告的感知风险水平高于男孩，冒险行为水平低于男孩。然而，男孩和女孩报告的能力评估和能力高估水平相似，随后受伤数量也相似。
感知风险和能力评估是青少年运动损伤的重要心理风险因素。在制定环境和行为损伤预防计划时，应考虑感知风险、冒险行为和既往损伤方面的性别差异。
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