Raal Ain, Paaver Urve, Arak Elmar, Orav Anne
Institute of Pharmacy, University of Tartu, Jakobi str. 2, 51014 Tartu, Estonia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2004;40(8):795-800.
The aim of this work was to analyze the essential oil content and its composition in the drug (Serpylli herba) of wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum L.) originating from 20 different natural places of growth in Estonia.
The quantitative content of essential oil was determined according to the method of European Pharmacopoeia. Gas chromatographic analysis of essential oils was carried out using a gas chromatography with flame ionization detector on two fused silica capillary columns with bonded stationary phases NB-30 and SW-10. The identification of the oil components was accomplished by comparing their retention indices on two columns with the retention indices values of standard compounds, with our retention indices data bank and with literature data. The results obtained were confirmed by gas chromatography / mass spectrometry.
The content of essential oil is between 0.6 and 4 ml/kg and usually is not in conformity with European Pharmacopoeia standard (3 ml/kg). There were 55 components identified in the essential oil of wild thyme of Estonian origin. Differently from the data in the literature of foreign countries, thymol and carvacrol are not the main components of the essential oil of wild thyme growing in Estonia. The main components here are (E)-nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, myrcene, (E)-beta-caryophyllene and germacrene D.
In Estonia, the (E)-nerolidol-caryophyllene oxide, (E)-nerolidol-myrcene and myrcene chemotypes of wild thyme drug are distinguishable.
本研究旨在分析源自爱沙尼亚20个不同天然生长地的野生百里香（Thymus serpyllum L.）药材（Serpylli herba）中的精油含量及其成分。
按照欧洲药典方法测定精油的定量含量。采用配备火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪，在两根带有键合固定相NB - 30和SW - 10的熔融石英毛细管柱上对精油进行气相色谱分析。通过比较其在两根柱上的保留指数与标准化合物的保留指数值、我们的保留指数数据库以及文献数据来完成油成分的鉴定。所得结果通过气相色谱/质谱联用进行确认。
精油含量在0.6至4毫升/千克之间，通常不符合欧洲药典标准（3毫升/千克）。在爱沙尼亚产野生百里香的精油中鉴定出55种成分。与国外文献数据不同，百里香酚和香芹酚不是爱沙尼亚生长的野生百里香精油的主要成分。这里的主要成分是（E）-橙花叔醇、氧化石竹烯、月桂烯、（E）-β-石竹烯和杜松烯D。
在爱沙尼亚，野生百里香药材存在（E）-橙花叔醇 - 氧化石竹烯型、（E）-橙花叔醇 - 月桂烯型和月桂烯化学型。
