Martin Peter R, Singleton Charles K, Hiller-Sturmhöfel Susanne
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt Addiction Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
Alcohol Res Health. 2003;27(2):134-42.
A deficiency in the essential nutrient thiamine resulting from chronic alcohol consumption is one factor underlying alcohol-induced brain damage. Thiamine is a helper molecule (i.e., a cofactor) required by three enzymes involved in two pathways of carbohydrate metabolism. Because intermediate products of these pathways are needed for the generation of other essential molecules in the cells (e.g., building blocks of proteins and DNA as well as brain chemicals), a reduction in thiamine can interfere with numerous cellular functions, leading to serious brain disorders, including Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which is found predominantly in alcoholics. Chronic alcohol consumption can result in thiamine deficiency by causing inadequate nutritional thiamine intake, decreased absorption of thiamine from the gastrointestinal tract, and impaired thiamine utilization in the cells. People differ in their susceptibility to thiamine deficiency, however, and different brain regions also may be more or less sensitive to this condition.
长期饮酒导致必需营养素硫胺素缺乏是酒精性脑损伤的一个潜在因素。硫胺素是参与碳水化合物代谢两条途径的三种酶所需的辅助分子（即辅因子）。由于这些途径的中间产物是细胞中其他必需分子生成所必需的（例如蛋白质和DNA的组成成分以及脑化学物质），硫胺素的减少会干扰许多细胞功能，导致严重的脑部疾病，包括主要在酗酒者中发现的韦尼克-科尔萨科夫综合征。长期饮酒会导致硫胺素缺乏，原因包括硫胺素摄入的营养不足、胃肠道对硫胺素的吸收减少以及细胞中硫胺素利用受损。然而，人们对硫胺素缺乏的易感性不同，不同的脑区对这种情况的敏感程度也可能或多或少有所差异。
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