Ristovska Gordana, Gjorgjev Dragan, Pop Jordanova Nada
Republic Institute for Health Protection, Medical School, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia.
Croat Med J. 2004 Aug;45(4):473-6.
To assess noise exposure in school children in urban center in different residential areas and to examine psychosocial effects of chronic noise exposure in school children, taking into account their socioeconomic status.
We measured community noise on specific measurement points in residential-administrative-market area and suburban residential area. We determined the average energy-equivalent sound level for 8 hours (LAeq, 8 h) or 16 hours (LAeq, 16 h) and compared measured noise levels with World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Psychological effects were examined in two groups of children: children exposed to noise level LAeq, 8 h >55 dBA (n=266) and children exposed to noise level LAeq, 8 h <55 dBA (n=263). The examinees were schoolchildren of 10-11 years of age. We used a self-reported questionnaire for each child - Anxiety test (General Anxiety Scale) and Attention Deficit Disorder Questionnaire intended for teachers to rate children's behavior. We used Mann Whitney U test and multiple regression for identifying the significance of differences between the two study groups.
School children who lived and studied in the residential-administrative-market area were exposed to noise levels above WHO guidelines (55 dBA), and school children who lived and studied in the suburban residential area were exposed to noise levels below WHO guidelines. Children exposed to LAeq, 8 h >55 dBA had significantly decreased attention (Z=-2.16; p=0.031), decreased social adaptability (Z =-2.16; p=0.029), and increased opposing behavior in their relations to other people (Z=-3; p=0.001). We did not find any correlation between socioeconomic characteristics and development of psychosocial effects.
School children exposed to elevated noise level had significantly decreased attention, and social adaptability, and increased opposing behavior in comparison with school children who were not exposed to elevated noise levels. Chronic noise exposure is associated with psychosocial effects in school children and should be taken as an important factor in assessing the psychological welfare of the children.
评估不同居民区城市中心学童的噪声暴露情况，并考虑其社会经济地位，研究长期噪声暴露对学童心理社会方面的影响。
我们在居住 - 行政 - 商业区和郊区居民区的特定测量点测量了社区噪声。我们确定了8小时（LAeq, 8 h）或16小时（LAeq, 16 h）的平均能量等效声级，并将测量的噪声水平与世界卫生组织（WHO）的指导标准进行比较。在两组儿童中研究心理影响：暴露于8小时等效连续A声级（LAeq, 8 h）>55分贝的儿童（n = 266）和暴露于8小时等效连续A声级（LAeq, 8 h）<55分贝的儿童（n = 263）。受试对象为10 - 11岁的学童。我们为每个儿童使用了一份自我报告问卷——焦虑测试（一般焦虑量表）以及供教师评估儿童行为的注意力缺陷障碍问卷。我们使用曼 - 惠特尼U检验和多元回归来确定两个研究组之间差异的显著性。
在居住 - 行政 - 商业区生活和学习的学童暴露于高于WHO指导标准（55分贝）的噪声水平，而在郊区居民区生活和学习的学童暴露于低于WHO指导标准的噪声水平。暴露于8小时等效连续A声级（LAeq, 8 h）>55分贝的儿童注意力显著下降（Z = -2.16；p = 0.031），社会适应能力下降（Z = -2.16；p = 0.029），并且在与他人的关系中对立行为增加（Z = -3；p = 0.001）。我们未发现社会经济特征与心理社会影响的发展之间存在任何相关性。
与未暴露于高水平噪声的学童相比，暴露于高水平噪声的学童注意力显著下降，社会适应能力下降，对立行为增加。长期噪声暴露与学童的心理社会影响相关，应被视为评估儿童心理福祉的一个重要因素。
