Berzofsky Jay A, Ahlers Jeffrey D, Janik John, Morris John, Oh SangKon, Terabe Masaki, Belyakov Igor M
Molecular Immunogenetics and Vaccine Research Section, Vaccine Branch, The Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute/NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
J Clin Invest. 2004 Aug;114(4):450-62. doi: 10.1172/JCI22674.
Among the most cost-effective strategies for preventing viral infections, vaccines have proven effective primarily against viruses causing acute, self-limited infections. For these it has been sufficient for the vaccine to mimic the natural virus. However, viruses causing chronic infection do not elicit an immune response sufficient to clear the infection and, as a result, vaccines for these viruses must elicit more effective responses--quantitative and qualitative--than does the natural virus. Here we examine the immunologic and virologic basis for vaccines against three such viruses, HIV, hepatitis C virus, and human papillomavirus, and review progress in clinical trials to date. We also explore novel strategies for increasing the immunogenicity and efficacy of vaccines.
在预防病毒感染的最具成本效益的策略中，疫苗已被证明主要对引起急性、自限性感染的病毒有效。对于这些病毒，疫苗模仿天然病毒就足够了。然而，引起慢性感染的病毒不会引发足以清除感染的免疫反应，因此，针对这些病毒的疫苗必须引发比天然病毒更有效的反应——在数量和质量上。在这里，我们研究针对三种此类病毒（艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒和人乳头瘤病毒）的疫苗的免疫学和病毒学基础，并回顾迄今为止临床试验的进展。我们还探索提高疫苗免疫原性和效力的新策略。
