Larson Elizabeth A
Occupational Therapy Program, Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2180 Medical Sciences Center, 1300 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
Am J Occup Ther. 2004 Jul-Aug;58(4):369-79. doi: 10.5014/ajot.58.4.369.
Children's work has largely been overlooked by researchers of many disciplines due to sociohistorical trends that fostered the notion that childhood should be a time free of work. Likewise, it has received little attention in occupational therapy most likely due to the influence of these historical developments on occupational therapy rhetoric and values. This paper begins by describing the influence of child labor laws and reformation on children's participation in work. Next, using a comprehensive review of the literature gathered from social sciences, a critical examination of the historical and current research on children's work is provided. This synthesis is framed in concepts of occupational science analyzing the evidence that describes the nature, form, function, and meaning of children's work. For occupational therapists working with children with disabilities, this research provides beginning guidelines for occupation-based work interventions and typical expectations for nondisabled children that may be applied using clinical reasoning to populations with disabilities.
由于社会历史趋势助长了童年应是无工作时期的观念，许多学科的研究人员很大程度上忽视了儿童的工作。同样，由于这些历史发展对职业治疗的言辞和价值观的影响，儿童工作在职业治疗中也很少受到关注。本文首先描述童工法和改革对儿童参与工作的影响。接下来，通过对从社会科学收集的文献进行全面综述，对儿童工作的历史和当前研究进行批判性审视。这种综合以职业科学的概念为框架，分析描述儿童工作的性质、形式、功能和意义的证据。对于为残疾儿童提供服务的职业治疗师而言，这项研究为基于活动的工作干预提供了初步指导方针，以及对非残疾儿童的典型期望，这些期望可通过临床推理应用于残疾人群体。
