O'Connell Sanjida, Dunbar R I M
Evolutionary Psychology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Biosciences Building, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
Anim Cogn. 2005 Jan;8(1):60-6. doi: 10.1007/s10071-004-0231-1. Epub 2004 Aug 19.
Chimpanzees (Pan spp.) were tested on a habituation/dishabituation paradigm that was originally developed to test for comprehension of causality in very young human infants. Three versions of the test were used: a food item being moved by a hand, a human pushing another human off a chair to obtain a food item, and a film clip of natural chimpanzee behaviour (capturing and eating a monkey). Chimpanzees exhibited similar results to those obtained with human infants, with significantly elevated levels of looking on the dishabituation trials. Since the level of response was significantly greater on natural/unnatural sequences than on unnatural/natural sequences, we conclude that the chimpanzees were not responding just to novelty but rather to events that infringed their sense of natural causation.
黑猩猩（Pan属）接受了一种习惯化/去习惯化范式的测试，该范式最初是为测试非常年幼的人类婴儿对因果关系的理解而开发的。使用了该测试的三个版本：一个食物被一只手移动、一个人将另一个人从椅子上推下以获取食物，以及一段黑猩猩自然行为（捕捉并吃掉一只猴子）的电影片段。黑猩猩表现出与人类婴儿相似的结果，在去习惯化试验中注视水平显著提高。由于在自然/非自然序列上的反应水平明显高于非自然/自然序列，我们得出结论，黑猩猩并非仅仅对新奇事物做出反应，而是对侵犯其自然因果感的事件做出反应。
