Roebuck-Spencer Tresa M, Mattson Sarah N, Marion Sarah Deboard, Brown Warren S, Riley Edward P
National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA.
J Int Neuropsychol Soc. 2004 Jul;10(4):536-48. doi: 10.1017/S1355617704104116.
The corpus callosum (CC) is one of several brain structures affected in children prenatally exposed to alcohol. This structure plays a major role in coordinating motor activity from opposite sides of the body, and deficits in bimanual coordination have been documented in individuals with agenesis of or damage to the CC, particularly when the task is performed without visual feedback. The Bimanual Coordination Test was used to assess speed and accuracy on a task where both hands must coordinate to guide a cursor through angled pathways providing measures of interhemispheric interaction or the ability of the two hemispheres to coordinate activity via the corpus callosum. Twenty-one children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and 17 non-exposed control children (CON), matched closely in age, sex, and ethnicity were tested. For trials with visual feedback (WV), children with FASD were slower than CON children but were equally accurate. Although statistically significant group differences were not observed on most trials completed without visual feedback (WOV), accuracy of the FASD group on WOV trials was highly variable. Group differences in accuracy on WOV angles approached significance after accounting for performance on the WV angles, and children with FASD were significantly less accurate on an individual angle believed to be particularly sensitive to interhemispheric interaction. These results indicate that children with FASD are slower than CON children but equally accurate on basic visuomotor tasks. However, as task complexity and reliance on interhemispheric interaction increases, children with FASD demonstrate variable and inaccurate performance.
胼胝体（CC）是产前接触酒精的儿童受影响的几种脑结构之一。该结构在协调身体两侧的运动活动中起主要作用，并且已经记录到胼胝体发育不全或受损的个体存在双手协调缺陷，特别是在没有视觉反馈的情况下执行任务时。双手协调测试用于评估一项任务的速度和准确性，在该任务中，双手必须协调以引导光标通过成角度的路径，从而提供半球间相互作用的测量指标，即两个半球通过胼胝体协调活动的能力。对21名患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍（FASD）的儿童和17名未接触酒精的对照儿童（CON）进行了测试，这些儿童在年龄、性别和种族方面紧密匹配。在有视觉反馈（WV）的试验中，患有FASD的儿童比CON儿童速度慢，但准确性相同。虽然在大多数没有视觉反馈（WOV）完成的试验中未观察到统计学上显著的组间差异，但FASD组在WOV试验中的准确性变化很大。在考虑了WV角度的表现后，WOV角度的准确性组间差异接近显著水平，并且患有FASD的儿童在一个被认为对半球间相互作用特别敏感的个体角度上准确性明显较低。这些结果表明，患有FASD的儿童比CON儿童速度慢，但在基本视觉运动任务上准确性相同。然而，随着任务复杂性和对半球间相互作用的依赖增加，患有FASD的儿童表现出变化无常且不准确的表现。
