Hanser B M, Gustafsson M G L, Agard D A, Sedat J W
Graduate Group in Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-2240, USA.
J Microsc. 2004 Oct;216(Pt 1):32-48. doi: 10.1111/j.0022-2720.2004.01393.x.
Pupil functions are compact and modifiable descriptions of the three-dimensional (3D) imaging properties of wide-field optical systems. The pupil function of a microscope can be computationally estimated from the measured point spread function (PSF) using phase retrieval algorithms. The compaction of a 3D PSF into a 2D pupil function suppresses artefacts and measurement noise without resorting to rotational averaging. We show here that such 'phase-retrieved' pupil functions can reproduce features in the optical path, both near the sample and in the microscope. Unlike the PSF, the pupil function can be easily modified to include known aberrations, such as those induced by index-mismatched mounting media, simply by multiplying the pupil function by a calculated aberration function. PSFs calculated from such a modified pupil function closely match the corresponding measured PSFs collected under the aberrated imaging conditions. When used for image deconvolution of simulated objects, these phase-retrieved, calculated PSFs perform similarly to directly measured PSFs.
光瞳函数是对宽视场光学系统三维（3D）成像特性的紧凑且可修改的描述。显微镜的光瞳函数可以使用相位恢复算法从测量的点扩散函数（PSF）通过计算来估计。将三维PSF压缩为二维光瞳函数可抑制伪像和测量噪声，而无需进行旋转平均。我们在此表明，这种“相位恢复”的光瞳函数可以重现光路中的特征，无论是在样品附近还是在显微镜中。与PSF不同，光瞳函数可以很容易地修改以纳入已知像差，例如由折射率不匹配的 mounting介质引起的像差，只需将光瞳函数乘以计算出的像差函数即可。从这种修改后的光瞳函数计算出的PSF与在像差成像条件下收集的相应测量PSF紧密匹配。当用于模拟物体的图像去卷积时，这些相位恢复的、计算出的PSF的性能与直接测量的PSF相似。
