Singh V N
Human Nutrition Research, Hoffmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, NJ 07110.
J Nutr. 1992 Mar;122(3 Suppl):760-5. doi: 10.1093/jn/122.suppl_3.760.
Nutrition has always been a subject of great interest to athletes. In recent years use of exercise has, however, expanded from competitive sports to prevention/management of chronic diseases and maintenance of optimal health. Exercise is recommended in the prevention/management of noninsulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, obesity, mental health, colon cancer, stroke and back injury. Similarly, there is evidence that certain nutrients (e.g., vitamins C and E, beta-carotene and calcium) may reduce the risk of certain cancers, coronary heart disease, osteoporosis, hypertension and cataract. Thus, there seems to be concordance between the health benefits of exercise and certain nutrients. However, several human and animal studies suggest that strenuous exercise may promote free radical production, leading to lipid peroxidation and tissue damage. On the other hand, there is evidence that vitamins C and E and beta-carotene may protect against such damage. Thus, concordance between the health benefits of exercise and nutrition and a compensatory role of antioxidant nutrients against the potentially harmful effects of exercise suggests that nutrition and exercise should form important components of any regimen for prevention of chronic diseases and/or promotion of optimal health.
营养一直是运动员极为关注的话题。然而近年来，运动的应用范围已从竞技体育扩展到慢性疾病的预防/管理以及保持最佳健康状态。在非胰岛素依赖型糖尿病、高血压、冠心病、骨质疏松症、肥胖症、心理健康、结肠癌、中风和背部损伤的预防/管理中，均建议进行运动。同样，有证据表明某些营养素（如维生素C和E、β-胡萝卜素和钙）可能降低某些癌症、冠心病、骨质疏松症、高血压和白内障的风险。因此，运动和某些营养素对健康的益处似乎具有一致性。然而，多项人体和动物研究表明，剧烈运动可能会促进自由基的产生，导致脂质过氧化和组织损伤。另一方面，有证据表明维生素C和E以及β-胡萝卜素可以预防此类损伤。因此，运动和营养对健康的益处之间的一致性以及抗氧化营养素对运动潜在有害影响的补偿作用表明，营养和运动应成为预防慢性疾病和/或促进最佳健康的任何养生法的重要组成部分。
