Hinton Devon, Pich Vuth, Chhean Dara, Pollack Mark
Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, USA.
Transcult Psychiatry. 2004 Jun;41(2):155-99. doi: 10.1177/1363461504043564.
One hundred Khmer refugees attending a psychiatric clinic were surveyed to determine the prevalence of olfactory-triggered panic attacks as well as certain characteristics of the episodes, including trigger (i.e. type of odor), frequency, length, somatic symptoms, and the rate of associated flashbacks and catastrophic cognitions. Forty-five of the 100 patients had experienced an olfactory-triggered panic attack in the last month. Trauma associations and catastrophic cognitions (e.g. fears of a 'wind attack', 'weakness', and 'weak heart') were common during events of olfactory panic. Several case examples are presented. A multifactorial model of the generation of olfactory panic is adduced. The therapeutic implications of this model for the treatment of olfactory panic are discussed.
对100名前往精神病诊所就诊的柬埔寨难民进行了调查,以确定嗅觉引发的惊恐发作的患病率以及发作的某些特征,包括触发因素(即气味类型)、频率、时长、躯体症状以及相关闪回和灾难性认知的发生率。100名患者中有45人在过去一个月内经历过嗅觉引发的惊恐发作。在嗅觉惊恐发作期间,创伤关联和灾难性认知(如对“风袭”、“虚弱”和“心脏虚弱”的恐惧)很常见。文中给出了几个病例。提出了嗅觉惊恐发作产生的多因素模型。讨论了该模型对嗅觉惊恐发作治疗的启示。