Lansky Melvin R
UCLA Medical School, Training and Supervising Analyst, Los Angeles Psychoanalytic Institute, Los Angeles, USA.
J Am Acad Psychoanal Dyn Psychiatry. 2004 Fall;32(3):441-68. doi: 10.1521/jaap.32.3.441.44782.
This paper concerns the problem of instigation, that is to say, the dynamic triggering, of the dream in Freud's "The Interpretation of Dreams" (1900)/1953). The problem of instigation came to the author's attention in the course of studying treatment difficulties and failures outside of the psychoanalytic situation, specifically the dynamics of impulsive actions and of posttraumatic nightmares, which the author then used in the consideration of problems associated with conceptualizing instigation in "The Interpretation of Dreams." Instigatory dynamics other than Freud's metaphor of "capitalist and entrepreneur" have attracted scant attention; and that metaphor as Freud applied it is an incomplete example of the instigatory process since its theoretical formulation are discrepant with Freud's clinical sensitivity to the instigation of his own dreams. Four of Freud's major dreams reveal an instigatory experience consisting of a contemporaneous ego-ideal conflict due to an anticipation of professional status as denied or lost. This contemporaneous ego-ideal conflict resonates with early and unconscious shame dynamics and shame fantasies involving tension from the ego-ideal that result from Freud's seeing himself as relegated to inferior or asexual status. The wish to possess an object of desire was not primary in any of these dreams. The complex nexus of shame dynamics, in turn, instigates more visible competitive wishes; these strive to alter the circumstances that threaten to give rise to shame or turn the tables on the shamer. The instigating shame dynamics are thus screened by the more visible dynamics of hostile competition. This formulation offers an expanded view of the dynamics of instigation which leads to a more balanced understanding of the nature and components of instigatory shame dynamics and their relationship to the dynamics of conflicts involving hostility, competition, and guilt.
本文关注的是弗洛伊德《梦的解析》（1900/1953）中梦的激发问题，即梦的动态触发。在研究精神分析情境之外的治疗困难和失败过程中，尤其是冲动行为和创伤后噩梦的动力学时，作者注意到了激发问题。作者随后将其用于思考与《梦的解析》中概念化激发相关的问题。除了弗洛伊德的“资本家和企业家”隐喻之外，其他激发动力学很少受到关注；而且弗洛伊德应用的那个隐喻是激发过程的一个不完整例子，因为其理论表述与他对自己梦的激发的临床敏感性不一致。弗洛伊德的四个主要梦境揭示了一种激发体验，这种体验由因预期职业地位被否定或丧失而产生的同时期自我理想冲突组成。这种同时期自我理想冲突与早期无意识的羞耻动力学以及羞耻幻想产生共鸣，这些羞耻幻想涉及因弗洛伊德将自己视为被贬到低等或无性地位而产生的来自自我理想的紧张感。在这些梦境中，拥有欲望对象的愿望都不是首要的。羞耻动力学的复杂关系反过来又激发了更明显的竞争愿望；这些愿望努力改变那些有可能引发羞耻或报复羞辱者的情境。因此，激发性的羞耻动力学被更明显的敌对竞争动力学所掩盖。这种表述提供了一种对激发动力学的扩展观点，从而能更平衡地理解激发性羞耻动力学的本质、组成部分，以及它们与涉及敌意、竞争和内疚的冲突动力学之间的关系。
