White Norman M
Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1B1, Canada.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004 Nov;82(3):216-29. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2004.05.004.
This paper reviews recent findings about how rats navigate by learning to discriminate among locations. The assumption underlying the experiments and their interpretation is that the information required to do this is learned by three independent, parallel memory systems. One system processes cognitive information (or "knowledge"), a second system processes reinforced stimulus-response associations and a third processes Pavlovian conditioned responses in the form of stimulus-affect associations. The information stored in each system produces behavior that, in some cases, results in a location discrimination. The present experiments focus on three factors that influence what each system learns and whether the resulting memory produces behavior that results in a location discrimination. One factor is whether the locations to be discriminated can be identified by unique, unambiguous stimuli or whether they are ambiguously associated with the same stimuli. The second factor is whether the stimuli are observed passively or whether the rats move among them, voluntarily or involuntarily. The third factor is whether or not the rats perform specific reinforced responses in the presence of the stimuli. Instances of co-operative behavioral outputs from memory systems that facilitate location discriminations and of competitive outputs that impede discriminations are described.
本文回顾了关于大鼠如何通过学习区分不同位置来导航的近期研究发现。实验及其解释所基于的假设是，进行这种区分所需的信息是由三个独立的并行记忆系统学习到的。一个系统处理认知信息（或“知识”），第二个系统处理强化的刺激 - 反应关联，第三个系统以刺激 - 情感关联的形式处理巴甫洛夫条件反应。存储在每个系统中的信息会产生行为，在某些情况下，会导致位置区分。当前的实验聚焦于三个影响每个系统学习内容以及所产生的记忆是否能导致产生位置区分行为的因素。一个因素是要区分的位置能否通过独特、明确的刺激来识别，还是它们与相同的刺激存在模糊关联。第二个因素是刺激是被被动观察，还是大鼠在其中主动或被动地移动。第三个因素是大鼠在刺激出现时是否执行特定的强化反应。文中描述了记忆系统之间促进位置区分的协同行为输出实例以及阻碍区分的竞争输出实例。
