Mizumori Sheri J Y, Yeshenko Oksana, Gill Kathryn M, Davis Denise M
Psychology Department, University of Washington, Box 351525, Seattle, WA 98155-1525, USA.
Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2004 Nov;82(3):278-98. doi: 10.1016/j.nlm.2004.07.007.
A common conceptualization of the organization of memory systems in brain is that different types of memory are mediated by distinct neural systems. Strong support for this view comes from studies that show double (or triple) dissociations between spatial, response, and emotional memories following selective lesions of hippocampus, striatum, and the amygdala. Here, we examine the extent to which hippocampal and striatal neural activity patterns support the multiple memory systems view. A comparison is made between hippocampal and striatal neural correlates with behavior during asymptotic performance of spatial and response maze tasks. Location- (or place), movement, and reward-specific firing patterns were found in both structures regardless of the task demands. Many, but not all, place fields of hippocampal and striatal neurons were similarly affected by changes in the visual and reward context regardless of the cognitive demands. Also, many, but not all, hippocampal and striatal movement-sensitive neurons showed significant changes in their behavioral correlates after a change in visual context, irrespective of cognitive strategy. Similar partial reorganization was observed following manipulations of the reward condition for cells recorded from both structures, again regardless of task. Assuming that representations that persist across context changes reflect learned information, we make the following conclusions. First, the consistent pattern of partial reorganization supports a view that the analysis of spatial, response, and reinforcement information is accomplished via an error-driven, or match-mismatch, algorithm across neural systems. Second, task-relevant processing occurs continuously within hippocampus and striatum regardless of the cognitive demands of the task. Third, given the high degree of parallel processing across allegedly different memory systems, we propose that different neural systems may effectively compete for control of a behavioral expression system. The strength of the influence of any one neural system on behavioral output is likely modulated by factors such as motivation, experience, or hormone status.
一种关于大脑中记忆系统组织的常见概念是，不同类型的记忆由不同的神经系统介导。对这一观点的有力支持来自于一些研究，这些研究表明，在海马体、纹状体和杏仁核受到选择性损伤后，空间记忆、反应记忆和情绪记忆之间存在双重（或三重）分离。在这里，我们研究海马体和纹状体神经活动模式在多大程度上支持多重记忆系统观点。我们比较了在空间和反应迷宫任务的渐近表现过程中，海马体和纹状体的神经相关性与行为之间的关系。无论任务要求如何，在这两个结构中都发现了与位置（或地点）、运动和奖励相关的放电模式。无论认知需求如何，海马体和纹状体神经元的许多（但不是全部）位置野都受到视觉和奖励背景变化的类似影响。同样，无论认知策略如何，许多（但不是全部）海马体和纹状体运动敏感神经元在视觉背景变化后，其行为相关性都有显著变化。在对这两个结构记录的细胞进行奖励条件操纵后，也观察到了类似的部分重组，同样与任务无关。假设在不同背景变化中持续存在的表征反映了学习到的信息，我们得出以下结论。首先，部分重组的一致模式支持这样一种观点，即空间、反应和强化信息的分析是通过跨神经系统的误差驱动或匹配-不匹配算法完成的。其次，无论任务的认知需求如何，与任务相关的处理在海马体和纹状体中持续发生。第三，鉴于在据称不同的记忆系统中存在高度并行处理，我们提出不同的神经系统可能有效地竞争对行为表达系统的控制。任何一个神经系统对行为输出影响的强度可能受到动机、经验或激素状态等因素的调节。
