Schirmer Mario, Butler Barbara J
Department of Hydrogeology, UFZ Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig-Halle, Theodor-Lieser Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Toxicology. 2004 Dec 15;205(3):173-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.049.
Organic contaminants pose a significant threat to groundwater resources. These contaminants are often released as non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) during spills of, for example, gasoline, crude oil, creosote, coal tar or chlorinated solvents. Once released, the liquids seep downward and dissolve into the groundwater. In many cases, the impacted groundwater contains a mixture of contaminants, either due to the complexity of the NAPL (e.g., gasoline) or due to co-disposal/co-spillage (e.g., landfill leachates). Many organic contaminants are hazardous to human health and the environment and therefore threaten our potable water resources and natural ecosystems. Active remediation of contaminated groundwater is often very expensive so that cost-effective alternatives have to be found. If natural attenuation is intended to be used as a means of achieving specific remedial objectives at a contaminated site, it will require a sound understanding of the ongoing processes as well as careful control and monitoring ("monitored natural attenuation" (MNA)). Therefore, a major goal of remediation research today is to develop methods to predict the mass fate of multiple organic compounds in heterogeneous aquifers under natural conditions.
有机污染物对地下水资源构成重大威胁。这些污染物在例如汽油、原油、杂酚油、煤焦油或氯化溶剂泄漏期间，通常以非水相液体（NAPLs）的形式释放。一旦释放，这些液体就会向下渗透并溶解到地下水中。在许多情况下，受影响的地下水中含有多种污染物的混合物，这要么是由于NAPL的复杂性（例如汽油），要么是由于共同处置/共同泄漏（例如垃圾渗滤液）。许多有机污染物对人类健康和环境有害，因此威胁到我们的饮用水资源和自然生态系统。对受污染地下水进行主动修复通常非常昂贵，因此必须找到具有成本效益的替代方法。如果打算将自然衰减用作在受污染场地实现特定修复目标的一种手段，就需要对正在进行的过程有充分的了解，并进行仔细的控制和监测（“监测自然衰减”（MNA））。因此，当今修复研究的一个主要目标是开发方法，以预测在自然条件下非均质含水层中多种有机化合物的质量归宿。
