Malina Grzegorz
Institute of Environmental Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Brzeznicka 60A, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland.
Toxicology. 2004 Dec 15;205(3):157-72. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2004.06.064.
The environmental problems related to the former chemical plant in Tarnowskie Gory, with respect to the Quaternary and Triassic groundwater as main receptors, are described and the eco-toxicological impact is discussed. The historical use of that site included industrial mining of ores (Ag, Pb, Zn) and use of Ba, B, Sr, Al, Cu during production of pigment. The majority of used and produced substances were toxic or hazardous. The applied technologies resulted in generation of waste which were mostly dumped without any elementary protection principles. Hydrodynamic modelling showed potential hazard to water-intakes. The variations of spatial distributions of selected contaminants within the Triassic carbonate series indicate that the chemical waste dumped in vicinity of the plant are the sources of groundwater contamination of boron. The results of soil and groundwater monitoring at the constructed landfill show significant contamination, mainly due to leaching from dumped waste, but also from infiltration of non-operating underground installations, and spills of toxic substances during the plant operation. The Quaternary aquifers are heavily contaminated due to the leaching out of chemical compounds from dumping sites. This is hazardous to the Triassic reservoirs--the main sources of potable water for the region. The characteristics of the key contaminants (As, B, Ba and Sr) are provided, including their transport, fate and toxicity. The spatial and temporal distribution of contaminants in groundwater is presented, and observed trends of groundwater quality decrease, mainly with respect to the Triassic aquifers, are discussed. The groundwater risk assessment being developed for the Tarnowskie Gory site should consider the present situation, and provide an approach towards evaluation and assessment of the required remediation measures.
描述了与塔诺夫斯基-戈里的前化工厂相关的环境问题，该问题以第四纪和三叠纪地下水为主要受体，并讨论了其生态毒理学影响。该场地的历史用途包括矿石（银、铅、锌）的工业开采以及颜料生产过程中钡、硼、锶、铝、铜的使用。大多数使用和生产的物质具有毒性或危险性。所应用的技术产生了大量废物，这些废物大多在没有任何基本保护原则的情况下被倾倒。水动力模型显示了对取水口的潜在危害。三叠纪碳酸盐系列中选定污染物的空间分布变化表明，倾倒在工厂附近的化学废物是硼污染地下水的来源。在已建成的垃圾填埋场进行的土壤和地下水监测结果显示污染严重，主要原因是倾倒废物的淋滤，但也来自非运营地下设施的渗透以及工厂运营期间有毒物质的泄漏。由于倾倒场化合物的淋滤，第四纪含水层受到严重污染。这对三叠纪储层——该地区饮用水的主要来源构成了危害。提供了关键污染物（砷、硼、钡和锶）的特征，包括它们的迁移、归宿和毒性。介绍了地下水中污染物的时空分布，并讨论了观察到的地下水质量下降趋势，主要涉及三叠纪含水层。为塔诺夫斯基-戈里场地开展的地下水风险评估应考虑当前情况，并提供一种评估和评估所需修复措施的方法。
