Long-term cardiovascular risk with protease inhibitors and management of the dyslipidemia.

This report reviews current data pertaining to the development of dyslipidemia during treatment with protease inhibitors and the associated risk for cardiovascular disease in patients who have the human immunodeficiency virus. Most protease inhibitors used to manage the human immunodeficiency virus and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are associated with prompt, marked, and sustained increases in serum lipid levels that are consistent with an increased 10-year risk for coronary heart disease as determined in the Framingham Heart Study. Management of lipid elevations in patients who use protease inhibitors is discussed. Novel protease inhibitors, which have minimal effects on lipid profiles, may have a role in the long-term management of the human immunodeficiency virus.