Beaubien J M, Baker D P
American Institutes for Research, Washington, DC, USA.
Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Oct;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i51-6. doi: 10.1136/qhc.13.suppl_1.i51.
High fidelity simulation has become a popular technique for training teamwork skills in high risk industries such as aviation, health care, and nuclear power production. Simulation is a powerful training tool because it allows the trainer to systematically control the schedule of practice, presentation of feedback, and introduction (or suppression) of environmental distractions within a safe, controlled learning environment. Unfortunately, many within the training community have begun to use the terms simulation and high fidelity simulation almost synonymously. This is unfortunate because doing so overemphasises the instructional technology to the detriment of more substantive issues, such as the training's goals, content, and design. It also perpetuates several myths: simulation fidelity is unidimensional, or higher levels of simulation fidelity lead to increased training effectiveness. The authors propose a typology of simulation fidelity and provide examples of how the different classes of simulation have been successfully used to train teamwork skills in high risk industries. Guidelines are also provided to maximise the usefulness of simulation for training teamwork skills in health care.
高保真模拟已成为在航空、医疗保健和核电生产等高风险行业中培训团队协作技能的一种流行技术。模拟是一种强大的培训工具，因为它使培训师能够在安全、可控的学习环境中系统地控制练习进度、反馈呈现以及环境干扰因素的引入（或抑制）。不幸的是，培训界的许多人开始几乎将模拟和高保真模拟这两个术语视为同义词。这很不幸，因为这样做过度强调了教学技术，而损害了更实质性的问题，如培训目标、内容和设计。这也使几个误区长期存在：模拟逼真度是一维的，或者更高水平的模拟逼真度会提高培训效果。作者提出了一种模拟逼真度的类型学，并举例说明了不同类别的模拟如何成功用于培训高风险行业中的团队协作技能。还提供了一些指导方针，以最大限度地提高模拟在医疗保健领域培训团队协作技能方面的效用。
